Andersen-Tawil syndrome physical examination: Difference between revisions
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=== Neuromuscular === | === Neuromuscular === | ||
* Periodic paralysis:<ref name="LevittRose1972">{{cite journal|last1=Levitt|first1=Lawrence P.|last2=Rose|first2=Leslie I.|last3=Dawson|first3=David M.|title=Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis with Arrhythmia|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=286|issue=5|year=1972|pages=253–254|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM197202032860507}}</ref> | * Periodic paralysis:<ref name="LevittRose1972">{{cite journal|last1=Levitt|first1=Lawrence P.|last2=Rose|first2=Leslie I.|last3=Dawson|first3=David M.|title=Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis with Arrhythmia|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=286|issue=5|year=1972|pages=253–254|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM197202032860507}}</ref><ref name="pmid29125635">{{cite journal| author=Statland JM, Fontaine B, Hanna MG, Johnson NE, Kissel JT, Sansone VA | display-authors=etal| title=Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodic Paralysis. | journal=Muscle Nerve | year= 2018 | volume= 57 | issue= 4 | pages= 522-530 | pmid=29125635 | doi=10.1002/mus.26009 | pmc=5867231 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29125635 }}</ref> | ||
** The most important clinical manifestation of Andersen-Tawil syndrome patients is periodic paralysis | ** The most important clinical manifestation of Andersen-Tawil syndrome patients is periodic paralysis | ||
** Periodic paralysis are episodic paralysis with flaccid muscle weakness | ** Periodic paralysis are episodic paralysis with flaccid muscle weakness | ||
**These periodic paralysis impairs quality of life of the patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome | |||
**Triggers often may be due to change in behavior or diet, and also due to the fact that alterations in serum potassium levels. | |||
* Muscle weakness:<ref name="pmid4106724">{{cite journal| author=Andersen ED, Krasilnikoff PA, Overvad H| title=Intermittent muscular weakness, extrasystoles, and multiple developmental anomalies. A new syndrome? | journal=Acta Paediatr Scand | year= 1971 | volume= 60 | issue= 5 | pages= 559-64 | pmid=4106724 | doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1971.tb06990.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4106724 }}</ref> | * Muscle weakness:<ref name="pmid4106724">{{cite journal| author=Andersen ED, Krasilnikoff PA, Overvad H| title=Intermittent muscular weakness, extrasystoles, and multiple developmental anomalies. A new syndrome? | journal=Acta Paediatr Scand | year= 1971 | volume= 60 | issue= 5 | pages= 559-64 | pmid=4106724 | doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1971.tb06990.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4106724 }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 23:06, 6 February 2020
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Andersen-Tawil syndrome Microchapters |
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Andersen-Tawil syndrome physical examination On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
Patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome is usually remarkable for hypoplastic mandible, micrognathia, broad nose , low set ears and clinodactyly.
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome usually appear normal
HEENT
Findings may include:
- Hypoplastic mandible or small mandible
- Micrognathia
- Low-set ears
- Hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes) may be noted on physical examination of the patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome
Heart
- Palpitations.
- Syncope usally seen in first or second decade of the life of the patient
- Andersen-Tawil syndrome patients have a unique cardiac findings on ECG
Nose
- Broad nose may be seen
Ears
- Low set ears may be present
Neuromuscular
- Periodic paralysis:[1][2]
- The most important clinical manifestation of Andersen-Tawil syndrome patients is periodic paralysis
- Periodic paralysis are episodic paralysis with flaccid muscle weakness
- These periodic paralysis impairs quality of life of the patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome
- Triggers often may be due to change in behavior or diet, and also due to the fact that alterations in serum potassium levels.
- Muscle weakness:[3]
- In patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome the muscle weakness occurs intermittently or spontaneously
- Muscle weakness in patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome may be occured due to prolonged rest or rest following exertion
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
OR
- Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time
- Altered mental status
- Glasgow coma scale is ___ / 15
- Clonus may be present
- Hyperreflexia / hyporeflexia / areflexia
- Positive (abnormal) Babinski / plantar reflex unilaterally/bilaterally
- Muscle rigidity
- Proximal/distal muscle weakness unilaterally/bilaterally
- ____ (finding) suggestive of cranial nerve ___ (roman numerical) deficit (e.g. Dilated pupils suggestive of CN III deficit)
- Unilateral/bilateral upper/lower extremity weakness
Extremities
- Clinodactyly:[4]
- Fifth-digit clinodactyly
- Second and third toe syndactyly
References
- ↑ Levitt, Lawrence P.; Rose, Leslie I.; Dawson, David M. (1972). "Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis with Arrhythmia". New England Journal of Medicine. 286 (5): 253–254. doi:10.1056/NEJM197202032860507. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Statland JM, Fontaine B, Hanna MG, Johnson NE, Kissel JT, Sansone VA; et al. (2018). "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodic Paralysis". Muscle Nerve. 57 (4): 522–530. doi:10.1002/mus.26009. PMC 5867231. PMID 29125635.
- ↑ Andersen ED, Krasilnikoff PA, Overvad H (1971). "Intermittent muscular weakness, extrasystoles, and multiple developmental anomalies. A new syndrome?". Acta Paediatr Scand. 60 (5): 559–64. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1971.tb06990.x. PMID 4106724.
- ↑ Tawil R, Ptacek LJ, Pavlakis SG, DeVivo DC, Penn AS, Ozdemir C; et al. (1994). "Andersen's syndrome: potassium-sensitive periodic paralysis, ventricular ectopy, and dysmorphic features". Ann Neurol. 35 (3): 326–30. doi:10.1002/ana.410350313. PMID 8080508.