Ventricular septal defect differential diagnosis

Ventricular septal defect Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Ventricular Septal Defect from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography
Cardiac Catheterization
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Ventricular septal defect post-surgical prognosis
ACC/AHA Guidelines for Surgical and Catheter Intervention Follow-Up
Prevention
ACC/AHA Guidelines for Reproduction
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Ventricular septal defect differential diagnosis On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ventricular septal defect differential diagnosis All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Ventricular septal defect differential diagnosis
CDC on Ventricular septal defect differential diagnosis
Ventricular septal defect differential diagnosis in the news
Blogs on Ventricular septal defect differential diagnosis
Directions to Hospitals Treating Ventricular septal defect
Risk calculators and risk factors for Ventricular septal defect differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Leida Perez, M.D. Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Keri Shafer, M.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS

Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.

Differentiating Ventricular Septal Defect from other Disorders

• Alcohol use of the mother
• Chemotherapeutics
• Down's Syndrome
• Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome
• Genetic disorders
• Hypoxia (Lack of oxygen)
• Immunosuppressives
• Marfan's Syndrome
• Noonan Syndrome
• Radiation
• Retinoic acid
• Rubella
• Thalidomide
• Trisomy 13
• Turner's Syndrome

• Differential diagnosis of Ventricular septal defect

Disease	Signs and Symptoms	Association	Lab finding	Diagnostic modality	Management	Prognosis
VSD	Shortness of breath Tachypnea Palpitation Paleness Failure to gain weight Sweating while feeding Frequent respiratory infections Fainting Chest pain Cyanosis	Down syndrome ventricular septal defects in association with other malformation syndromes: fetal alcohol syndrome trisomy syndromes fetal hydantoin syndrome postrubella infection (German measles) maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) Tetralogy of Fallot Holt-Oram Syndrome FG Syndrome Genitopalatocardiac Syndrome Fryns Syndrome certain forms of Dandy-Walker Syndrome Cardiomyopathy-Hypogonadism-Collagenoma Syndrome Familial Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy Simpson Dysmorphia Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome DiGeorge Syndrome various Trisomy Syndromes maternal alcoholism maternal ingestion of phenylhydantoin postrubella infection maternal Phenylketonuria		Echocardiogram Electrocardiogram (ECG) Chest X-ray Cardiac catheterization Pulse oximetry	Small VSD: Observe, symptomatic treatment until spontaneous closure. Surgical repair: During first year of life Immediately if severe symptoms present Small VSD to prevent complications related to their locations, such as heart valves damage Nutritional support or tubal feeding if VSD causing tiredness of the infant during feeding Surgical repair Catheter procedure Hybrid procedure (surgical and catheter-based techniques)	Small VSD usually closes spontaneously by 18 months. Up to 75% are closed by the age of 10. Medium to large VSDs often become smaller but remain patent and allow shunting of blood and eventual development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome and heart failure. If large defects are not corrected before pulmonary hypertension develops the prognosis is poor. Patients with the Eisenmenger’s syndrome have an average life expectancy of 33 years. Surgical correction provide a better outcome.
Atrioventricular septal defect	cyanosis mild or absent congestive cardiac failure right ventricular impulse increased pulmonic component second heart sound variable ejection systolic murmur, apical mid‐diastolic murmur (in large left to right shunt), pansystolic murmur (with atrioventricular valve regurgitation)	Subaortic stenosis Ventricular hypoplasia Tetralogy of Fallot Atrial isomerism		Antenatal ultrasound anomaly scanning (four‐chamber view) Postnatal diagnosis: ECG Chest radiograph Echocardiogram Magnetic resonance imaging Angiography	Medical treatment CHF: diuretics and vasodilator such as captopril digoxin (controversial) feeding difficulties and failure to thrive nasogastric tube to	Without surgery the natural history of complete AVSD, only 4% survival beyond 5 years old
Atrial septal defect	Asymptomatic Soft, systolic ejection murmur over the pulmonic area (second intercostal space) combined with a wide, fixed splitting of S2 Large defects: Exercise intolerance Cardiac dysrhythmias Palpitations Increased incidence of pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension and increased mortality
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Infundibular Pulmonary Stenosis