Congestive heart failure historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Historical | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
=== Ancient Times === | |||
* Italian Egyptologist Ernesto Schiaparelli reported the first case of decompensated heart failure (HF) in the remains of a tomb in the Valley of the Queens over 3500 years ago the remains are now housed in the Egyptian museum in Turin, Italy. They belonged to an Egyptian dignitary named Nebiri who lived under the reign of the 18th dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III (1479–24 BC). | |||
* Andreas Nerlich, a pathologist from Munich, Germany, demonstrated the presence of pulmonary oedema by examining histopathological findings in the lungs. | |||
* Various other features of HF such as cardiac hypertrophy and coronary atherosclerosis were also known to Egyptians. | |||
* In China, ‘the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine’ described edema as early as 2600 B.C. | |||
* Greek and Roman texts also contain descriptions of HF, although edema, dyspnea and anasarca, the most common manifestations described in these texts, could be attributed to other causes than HF. | |||
* Hippocratic corpus while describing rales, a common finding in HF patients as: ‘When the ear is held to the chest, and one listens for some time, it may be heard to see the inside like the boiling of vinegar’ (translation by A. Katz). He also demonstrated a method to drain this fluid through a hole drilled in the ribcage. However, at that time, there seem to have been no understanding about why the fluid had accumulated. | |||
* Erophilus and Erasistratus performed human dissections and experiments and commented that the heart contracts but believed that the arteries contained air and that blood was confined to the veins. | |||
* Even Galen, a Greek physician during the second century was of the view that the heart was just a source of heat failing to understand its role as a pump. He almost certainly described atrial fibrillation (AF) and indeed palpated the arterial pulse, a technique that had been used for prognosis millennia earlier by the Egyptians.However, Galen believed that the pulse was transmitted by the arterial walls rather than by blood flowing through the lumen. | |||
* The medieval Arab scholar Ibn Sina, known to the West as Avicenna (980–1037), had a reputation as an authority on heart disease. His treatise entitled ‘Kitab al-Adviyt-al-Qalbiye’ or ‘The book on drugs for cardiac diseases’ discusses therapies for difficulty in breathing, palpitation, and syncope. Widely used in the West in a Latin translation in the 14th century, the treatise remains in the Galenic tradition of humours. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 16:06, 3 March 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Ancient Times
- Italian Egyptologist Ernesto Schiaparelli reported the first case of decompensated heart failure (HF) in the remains of a tomb in the Valley of the Queens over 3500 years ago the remains are now housed in the Egyptian museum in Turin, Italy. They belonged to an Egyptian dignitary named Nebiri who lived under the reign of the 18th dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III (1479–24 BC).
- Andreas Nerlich, a pathologist from Munich, Germany, demonstrated the presence of pulmonary oedema by examining histopathological findings in the lungs.
- Various other features of HF such as cardiac hypertrophy and coronary atherosclerosis were also known to Egyptians.
- In China, ‘the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine’ described edema as early as 2600 B.C.
- Greek and Roman texts also contain descriptions of HF, although edema, dyspnea and anasarca, the most common manifestations described in these texts, could be attributed to other causes than HF.
- Hippocratic corpus while describing rales, a common finding in HF patients as: ‘When the ear is held to the chest, and one listens for some time, it may be heard to see the inside like the boiling of vinegar’ (translation by A. Katz). He also demonstrated a method to drain this fluid through a hole drilled in the ribcage. However, at that time, there seem to have been no understanding about why the fluid had accumulated.
- Erophilus and Erasistratus performed human dissections and experiments and commented that the heart contracts but believed that the arteries contained air and that blood was confined to the veins.
- Even Galen, a Greek physician during the second century was of the view that the heart was just a source of heat failing to understand its role as a pump. He almost certainly described atrial fibrillation (AF) and indeed palpated the arterial pulse, a technique that had been used for prognosis millennia earlier by the Egyptians.However, Galen believed that the pulse was transmitted by the arterial walls rather than by blood flowing through the lumen.
- The medieval Arab scholar Ibn Sina, known to the West as Avicenna (980–1037), had a reputation as an authority on heart disease. His treatise entitled ‘Kitab al-Adviyt-al-Qalbiye’ or ‘The book on drugs for cardiac diseases’ discusses therapies for difficulty in breathing, palpitation, and syncope. Widely used in the West in a Latin translation in the 14th century, the treatise remains in the Galenic tradition of humours.