Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 5: Line 5:


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Pericarditis]] in developed countries are usually due to viral infections such as [[echovirus]] and [[coxsackie virus]], while in developing countries it is usually secondary to [[tuberculosis]] or [[HIV]] infection. The incidence of pericarditis following [[MI]] has greatly reduced with the use of early [[thrombolytic]] agents and revascularization.
The [[incidence]] of [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] pericarditis is approximately 27.7 per 100,000 individuals annually. The [[Recurrence plot|recurrence]] of [[disease]] is seen in almost 30% of [[patients]] after first episode. The [[mortality rate]] of [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] pericarditis is approximately 1.1% in [[Developed country|developed countries]]. [[Patients]] of all [[age]] groups may [[Development|develop]] [[acute]] pericarditis. Although it commonly affects men in 20 to 50 years of [[age]]. [[Pericarditis]] in [[Developed country|developed countries]] is most commonly due to [[malignancy]] or [[viral infection]]. It usually follows [[respiratory infections]], most commonly [[echovirus]] or [[coxsackie virus]]. In [[children]], it is most commonly caused by [[adenovirus]] or [[coxsackie virus]]. In developing countries [[pericarditis]] is usually [[secondary]] to [[tuberculosis]] or [[HIV]] infection. [[Tuberculous pericarditis]], caused by [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], is found in approximately 1% of all [[Autopsy|autopsied]] cases of [[TB]] and in 1% to 2% of instances of [[pulmonary]] [[TB]].


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*The incidence of acute pericarditis is approximately 27.7 per 100,000 individuals annually.
*The [[incidence]] of [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] pericarditis is approximately 27.7 per 100,000 individuals annually.
*The incidence of hospitalization for acute pericarditis was estimated to be 3.32 cases per 100,000 individuals annually.
*The [[incidence]] of [[hospitalization]] for [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] pericarditis was estimated to be 3.32 cases per 100,000 individuals annually.
*The recurrence of disease is seen in almost 30% of patients after first episode of disease.
*The [[Recurrence plot|recurrence]] of pericarditis is seen in almost 30% of [[patients]] after first episode of [[disease]].


===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===


*The mortality rate of acute pericarditis is approximately 1.1% in developed countries.
*The [[mortality rate]] of [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] pericarditis is approximately 1.1% in [[Developed country|developed countries]].


===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
*[[Patients]] of all [[age]] groups may [[Development|develop]] [[acute]] pericarditis. Although it commonly affects people in 20 to 50 years of [[age]].
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*There is no [[racial]] predilection to [[acute]] pericarditis.
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
 
===Gender===
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.


===Region===
* [[Men]] are more commonly affected by [[acute]] pericarditis than [[women]].
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].


*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
===Developed Countries===
===Age===
Pericarditis is more frequently seen among adolescents than young adults or children. However, no differences in etiology, clinical course, and prognosis were observed across different age groups of patients with moderate or large [[pericardial effusion]]s.<ref name="pmid11084000">{{cite journal| author=Mercé J, Sagristà Sauleda J, Permanyer Miralda G, Carballo J, Olona M, Soler Soler J| title=[Pericardial effusion in the elderly: A different disease?]. | journal=Rev Esp Cardiol | year= 2000 | volume= 53 | issue= 11 | pages= 1432-6 | pmid=11084000 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
 
===Gender===
Pericarditis is seen more frequently among males than females.


===Developed Countries===
* [[Pericarditis]] in [[Developed country|developed countries]] is most commonly due to [[malignancy]] or [[viral infection]].
[[Pericarditis]] in developed countries is most commonly due to [[malignancy]] or [[viral infection]]. It usually follows respiratory infections, most commonly [[echovirus]] or [[coxsackie virus]]. In children, it is most commonly caused by [[adenovirus]] or [[coxsackie virus]]. The incidence and prevalence of viral pericarditis vary with season and region.<ref name="pmid15001332">{{cite journal| author=Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL| title=Pericarditis. |journal=Lancet | year= 2004 | volume= 363 | issue= 9410 | pages= 717-27 | pmid=15001332 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15001332  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16567581">{{cite journal| author=Little WC, Freeman GL| title=Pericardial disease. | journal=Circulation | year= 2006 | volume= 113 | issue= 12 | pages= 1622-32 | pmid=16567581 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561514 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16567581 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17826391">{{cite journal| author=Imazio M, Brucato A, Adler Y, Brambilla G, Artom G, Cecchi E et al.| title=Prognosis of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis as determined from previously published reports. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 2007 | volume= 100 | issue= 6 | pages= 1026-8 | pmid=17826391 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.047 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17826391  }}</ref>
* It usually follows [[respiratory infections]], most commonly [[echovirus]] or [[coxsackie virus]].  
* In [[children]], it is most commonly caused by [[adenovirus]] or [[coxsackie virus]].  
* The [[incidence]] and [[prevalence]] of viral pericarditis vary with season and region.<ref name="pmid15001332">{{cite journal| author=Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL| title=Pericarditis. |journal=Lancet | year= 2004 | volume= 363 | issue= 9410 | pages= 717-27 | pmid=15001332 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15001332  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16567581">{{cite journal| author=Little WC, Freeman GL| title=Pericardial disease. | journal=Circulation | year= 2006 | volume= 113 | issue= 12 | pages= 1622-32 | pmid=16567581 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561514 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16567581 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17826391">{{cite journal| author=Imazio M, Brucato A, Adler Y, Brambilla G, Artom G, Cecchi E et al.| title=Prognosis of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis as determined from previously published reports. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 2007 | volume= 100 | issue= 6 | pages= 1026-8 | pmid=17826391 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.047 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17826391  }}</ref>


===Developing Countries===
===Developing Countries===
In developing countries [[pericarditis]] is usually secondary to [[tuberculosis]] or [[HIV]] infection. [[Tuberculous pericarditis]], caused by [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], is found in approximately 1% of all autopsied cases of [[TB]] and in 1% to 2% of instances of pulmonary [[TB]]. It accounted for 69.5% (162 of 233) of cases referred for diagnostic [[pericardiocentesis]] in a study in Western Cape Province of South Africa,  while the same accounts for 4% of cases in developed countries.<ref name="pmid3351140">{{cite journal|author=Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J| title=Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment. |journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 1988 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 724-8 | pmid=3351140 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3351140  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10047635">{{cite journal| author=Chen Y, Brennessel D, Walters J, Johnson M, Rosner F, Raza M| title=Human immunodeficiency virus-associated pericardial effusion: report of 40 cases and review of the literature. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1999 | volume= 137 | issue= 3 | pages= 516-21 |pmid=10047635 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10047635  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2046135">{{cite journal| author=Fowler NO| title=Tuberculous pericarditis. | journal=JAMA | year= 1991 | volume= 266 | issue= 1 | pages= 99-103 | pmid=2046135 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid15962545">{{cite journal| author=Reuter H, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF| title=Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa. | journal=Epidemiol Infect | year= 2005 | volume= 133 | issue= 3 | pages= 393-9 |pmid=15962545 | doi= | pmc=PMC2870262 | url= }} </ref>
Despite the relative high frequency of pericardial diseases, there are
few epidemiological data, especially from primary care. Pericarditis
is the most common disease of the pericardium encountered in clinical
practice. The incidence of acute pericarditis has been reported
as 27.7 cases per 100,000 population per year in an Italian urban
area.7 Pericarditis is responsible for 0.1% of all hospital admissions
and 5% of emergency room admissions for chest pain.4,5,42 Data collected
from a Finnish national registry (2000–9) showed a standardized
incidence rate of hospitalizations for acute pericarditis of 3.32
per 100,000 person-years.16 These data were limited to hospitalized
patients and therefore may account for only a minority of cases, as
many patients with pericarditis are commonly not admitted to hospital.
8,9,42,43 Men ages 16–65 years were at higher risk for pericarditis
(relative risk 2.02) than women in the general admitted
population, with the highest risk difference among young adults
compared with the overall population. Acute pericarditis caused
0.20% of all cardiovascular admissions. The proportion of caused admissions
declined by an estimated 51% per 10-year increase in age.
The in-hospital mortality rate for acute pericarditis was 1.1% and
was increased with age and severe co-infections (pneumonia or
septicaemia).16 However, this is a study based on hospital admissions
only. Recurrences affect about 30% of patients within
18 months after a first episode of acute pericarditis


ericarditis is the most common form of pericardial disease
* In developing countries [[pericarditis]] is usually [[secondary]] to [[tuberculosis]] or [[HIV]] infection.
worldwide.1-10Pericarditis usually affects youngandmiddleaged
* [[Tuberculous pericarditis]], caused by [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], is found in approximately 1% of all [[Autopsy|autopsied]] cases of [[TB]] and in 1% to 2% of instances of [[pulmonary]] [[TB]]. It accounted for 69.5% (162 of 233) of cases referred for [[diagnostic]] [[pericardiocentesis]] in a study in Western Cape Province of South Africa, while the same accounts for 4% of cases in [[Developed country|developed countries]].<ref name="pmid3351140">{{cite journal|author=Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J| title=Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment. |journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 1988 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 724-8 | pmid=3351140 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3351140  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10047635">{{cite journal| author=Chen Y, Brennessel D, Walters J, Johnson M, Rosner F, Raza M| title=Human immunodeficiency virus-associated pericardial effusion: report of 40 cases and review of the literature. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1999 | volume= 137 | issue= 3 | pages= 516-21 |pmid=10047635 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10047635  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2046135">{{cite journal| author=Fowler NO| title=Tuberculous pericarditis. | journal=JAMA | year= 1991 | volume= 266 | issue= 1 | pages= 99-103 | pmid=2046135 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid15962545">{{cite journal| author=Reuter H, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF| title=Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa. | journal=Epidemiol Infect | year= 2005 | volume= 133 | issue= 3 | pages= 393-9 |pmid=15962545 | doi= | pmc=PMC2870262 | url= }} </ref>
individuals and frequently recurs.1,2 In a prospective,
observational cohort study involving2general hospitals from an Italian
urban area of 220 000 inhabitants, an incidence of 27.7 cases per100 000population per year was reported.3 Data from a Finnish national registry demonstrated a standardizedincidence rate ofhospitalizations
for acute pericarditis of 3.32 per 100 000 personyears,
with a higher proportion of men. Overall, pericarditis accounts
for 0.2% of all hospital cardiovascular admissions4 and is
diagnosed in approximately 5%of patients with nonischemic chest
pain in emergency departments in North America and Western
Europe.5,6 In developed countries, the in-hospital mortality rate is
approximately 1.1%. Prognosis is determined in part by patient age
and etiology.4,7


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 01:33, 4 March 2020

Pericarditis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

HIV
Post MI
Dressler's syndrome
Post-pericardiotomy
Radiation
Tuberculosis
Uremia
Malignancy

Differentiating Pericarditis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Pericardial Effusion
Cardiac Tamponade
Constrictive Pericarditis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Pericardiocentesis
Pericardial Window
Pericardial Stripping

Treatment Related Videos

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Google Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics

Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pericarditis epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]

Overview

The incidence of acute pericarditis is approximately 27.7 per 100,000 individuals annually. The recurrence of disease is seen in almost 30% of patients after first episode. The mortality rate of acute pericarditis is approximately 1.1% in developed countries. Patients of all age groups may develop acute pericarditis. Although it commonly affects men in 20 to 50 years of age. Pericarditis in developed countries is most commonly due to malignancy or viral infection. It usually follows respiratory infections, most commonly echovirus or coxsackie virus. In children, it is most commonly caused by adenovirus or coxsackie virus. In developing countries pericarditis is usually secondary to tuberculosis or HIV infection. Tuberculous pericarditis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is found in approximately 1% of all autopsied cases of TB and in 1% to 2% of instances of pulmonary TB.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

Age

Race

Gender

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

References

  1. ↑ Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL (2004). "Pericarditis". Lancet. 363 (9410): 717–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1. PMID 15001332.
  2. ↑ Little WC, Freeman GL (2006). "Pericardial disease". Circulation. 113 (12): 1622–32. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561514. PMID 16567581.
  3. ↑ Imazio M, Brucato A, Adler Y, Brambilla G, Artom G, Cecchi E; et al. (2007). "Prognosis of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis as determined from previously published reports". Am J Cardiol. 100 (6): 1026–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.047. PMID 17826391.
  4. ↑ Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J (1988). "Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment". J Am Coll Cardiol. 11 (4): 724–8. PMID 3351140.
  5. ↑ Chen Y, Brennessel D, Walters J, Johnson M, Rosner F, Raza M (1999). "Human immunodeficiency virus-associated pericardial effusion: report of 40 cases and review of the literature". Am Heart J. 137 (3): 516–21. PMID 10047635.
  6. ↑ Fowler NO (1991). "Tuberculous pericarditis". JAMA. 266 (1): 99–103. PMID 2046135.
  7. ↑ Reuter H, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF (2005). "Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa". Epidemiol Infect. 133 (3): 393–9. PMC 2870262. PMID 15962545.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Pericarditis_epidemiology_and_demographics&oldid=1601198"