COVID-19 pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
**High initial virus titers<ref name="pmid12781535">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC, Chan KS, Hung IF, Poon LL, Law KI, Tang BS, Hon TY, Chan CS, Chan KH, Ng JS, Zheng BJ, Ng WL, Lai RW, Guan Y, Yuen KY |title=Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9371 |pages=1767–72 |date=May 2003 |pmid=12781535 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13412-5 |url=}}</ref> | **High initial virus titers<ref name="pmid12781535">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC, Chan KS, Hung IF, Poon LL, Law KI, Tang BS, Hon TY, Chan CS, Chan KH, Ng JS, Zheng BJ, Ng WL, Lai RW, Guan Y, Yuen KY |title=Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9371 |pages=1767–72 |date=May 2003 |pmid=12781535 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13412-5 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Increased monocyte, macrophage, and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs<ref name="pmid12781536">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicholls JM, Poon LL, Lee KC, Ng WF, Lai ST, Leung CY, Chu CM, Hui PK, Mak KL, Lim W, Yan KW, Chan KH, Tsang NC, Guan Y, Yuen KY, Peiris JS |title=Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9371 |pages=1773–8 |date=May 2003 |pmid=12781536 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13413-7 |url=}}</ref> | **Increased monocyte, macrophage, and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs<ref name="pmid12781536">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicholls JM, Poon LL, Lee KC, Ng WF, Lai ST, Leung CY, Chu CM, Hui PK, Mak KL, Lim W, Yan KW, Chan KH, Tsang NC, Guan Y, Yuen KY, Peiris JS |title=Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9371 |pages=1773–8 |date=May 2003 |pmid=12781536 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13413-7 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Elevated levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines<ref name="pmid15030519">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wong CK, Lam CW, Wu AK, Ip WK, Lee NL, Chan IH, Lit LC, Hui DS, Chan MH, Chung SS, Sung JJ |title=Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome |journal=Clin. Exp. Immunol. |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=95–103 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15030519 |pmc=1808997 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02415.x |url=}}</ref> | |||
** | ** | ||
*Initial reports identified two species of snakes that could be the culprit reservoir of COVID-19. However, there is no consistent evidence of coronavirus reservoirs except mammals and birds.<ref name="BassettiVena2020">{{cite journal|last1=Bassetti|first1=Matteo|last2=Vena|first2=Antonio|last3=Giacobbe|first3=Daniele Roberto|title=The novel Chinese coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) infections: Challenges for fighting the storm|journal=European Journal of Clinical Investigation|volume=50|issue=3|year=2020|issn=0014-2972|doi=10.1111/eci.13209}}</ref><br /> | *Initial reports identified two species of snakes that could be the culprit reservoir of COVID-19. However, there is no consistent evidence of coronavirus reservoirs except mammals and birds.<ref name="BassettiVena2020">{{cite journal|last1=Bassetti|first1=Matteo|last2=Vena|first2=Antonio|last3=Giacobbe|first3=Daniele Roberto|title=The novel Chinese coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) infections: Challenges for fighting the storm|journal=European Journal of Clinical Investigation|volume=50|issue=3|year=2020|issn=0014-2972|doi=10.1111/eci.13209}}</ref><br /> | ||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 21:06, 9 March 2020
|
COVID-19 Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
COVID-19 pathophysiology On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of COVID-19 pathophysiology |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for COVID-19 pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by, SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus named for the similarity of its symptoms to those caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by, SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus named for the similarity of its symptoms to those caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome.[1][2]
- Unlike SARS-CoV, transmission of COVID-19 takes place during the prodromal period when those infected are mildly ill and are carrying on with their usual activities. This contributes to the spread of infection.[3]
- The main pathogenesis of COVID-19 is severe pneumonia, RNAemia, combined with the incidence of ground-glass opacities, and acute cardiac injury.[4]
- As evident from the autopsies of those infected by the SARS-CoV, the extensive lung damage may be caused by multiple factors, such as:
- Initial reports identified two species of snakes that could be the culprit reservoir of COVID-19. However, there is no consistent evidence of coronavirus reservoirs except mammals and birds.[8]
Reference
- ↑ Lu, Jian; Cui, Jie; Qian, Zhaohui; Wang, Yirong; Zhang, Hong; Duan, Yuange; Wu, Xinkai; Yao, Xinmin; Song, Yuhe; Li, Xiang; Wu, Changcheng; Tang, Xiaolu (2020). "On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2". National Science Review. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa036. ISSN 2095-5138.
- ↑ Lu, Roujian; Zhao, Xiang; Li, Juan; Niu, Peihua; Yang, Bo; Wu, Honglong; Wang, Wenling; Song, Hao; Huang, Baoying; Zhu, Na; Bi, Yuhai; Ma, Xuejun; Zhan, Faxian; Wang, Liang; Hu, Tao; Zhou, Hong; Hu, Zhenhong; Zhou, Weimin; Zhao, Li; Chen, Jing; Meng, Yao; Wang, Ji; Lin, Yang; Yuan, Jianying; Xie, Zhihao; Ma, Jinmin; Liu, William J; Wang, Dayan; Xu, Wenbo; Holmes, Edward C; Gao, George F; Wu, Guizhen; Chen, Weijun; Shi, Weifeng; Tan, Wenjie (2020). "Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding". The Lancet. 395 (10224): 565–574. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Heymann, David L; Shindo, Nahoko (2020). "COVID-19: what is next for public health?". The Lancet. 395 (10224): 542–545. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30374-3. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Huang, Chaolin; Wang, Yeming; Li, Xingwang; Ren, Lili; Zhao, Jianping; Hu, Yi; Zhang, Li; Fan, Guohui; Xu, Jiuyang; Gu, Xiaoying; Cheng, Zhenshun; Yu, Ting; Xia, Jiaan; Wei, Yuan; Wu, Wenjuan; Xie, Xuelei; Yin, Wen; Li, Hui; Liu, Min; Xiao, Yan; Gao, Hong; Guo, Li; Xie, Jungang; Wang, Guangfa; Jiang, Rongmeng; Gao, Zhancheng; Jin, Qi; Wang, Jianwei; Cao, Bin (2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China". The Lancet. 395 (10223): 497–506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC, Chan KS, Hung IF, Poon LL, Law KI, Tang BS, Hon TY, Chan CS, Chan KH, Ng JS, Zheng BJ, Ng WL, Lai RW, Guan Y, Yuen KY (May 2003). "Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study". Lancet. 361 (9371): 1767–72. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13412-5. PMID 12781535.
- ↑ Nicholls JM, Poon LL, Lee KC, Ng WF, Lai ST, Leung CY, Chu CM, Hui PK, Mak KL, Lim W, Yan KW, Chan KH, Tsang NC, Guan Y, Yuen KY, Peiris JS (May 2003). "Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome". Lancet. 361 (9371): 1773–8. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13413-7. PMID 12781536.
- ↑ Wong CK, Lam CW, Wu AK, Ip WK, Lee NL, Chan IH, Lit LC, Hui DS, Chan MH, Chung SS, Sung JJ (April 2004). "Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 136 (1): 95–103. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02415.x. PMC 1808997. PMID 15030519.
- ↑ Bassetti, Matteo; Vena, Antonio; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto (2020). "The novel Chinese coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) infections: Challenges for fighting the storm". European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 50 (3). doi:10.1111/eci.13209. ISSN 0014-2972.