Blalock-Taussig shunt: Difference between revisions
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* ''Partners of the Heart: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock'', by Vivien T. Thomas (originally published as ''Pioneering Research in Surgical Shock and Cardiovascular Surgery: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock''), University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. ISBN 0-8122-1634-2 | * ''Partners of the Heart: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock'', by Vivien T. Thomas (originally published as ''Pioneering Research in Surgical Shock and Cardiovascular Surgery: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock''), University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. ISBN 0-8122-1634-2 | ||
[[File:Original-blalock-taussig-shunt-creative-commons.png|thumb|Original Blalock-Taussig shunt diagram|left]]{{Cardiac surgery and other cardiovascular procedures}} | |||
[[File:Original-blalock-taussig-shunt-creative-commons.png|thumb|Original Blalock-Taussig shunt diagram]] | |||
Revision as of 18:15, 5 June 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The Blalock-Taussig shunt is a surgical procedure to give palliation to cyanotic heart defects which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. In modern surgery, this procedure is temporarily used to direct blood flow to the lungs and relieve cyanosis while the infant is waiting for corrective surgery.One branch of the subclavian artery (Arteria subclavia) or carotid artery (Arteria carotis) is separated and connected with the pulmonary artery (Arteria pulmonalis). The lung receives more blood with low oxygenation from the body. The first area of application was tetralogy of Fallot. This procedure has been modified into modified Blalock-Taussing Shunt (mBTS). In this modified procedure a graft from innominate artery or subclavian artery is placed to the corresponding pulmonary artery.
Historical Prospective
The original procedure was named for Alfred Blalock, surgeon, Baltimore, (1899–1964) and Helen B. Taussig, cardiologist, Baltimore/Boston, (1898–1986) who, along with Blalock's African American laboratory technician Vivien Thomas (1910–1985), developed the procedure. Taussig, who treated hundreds of infants and children with this disorder, had observed that children with a cyanotic heart defect and a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) lived longer than those without the PDA. It therefore seemed to her that a shunt which mimicked the function of a PDA might relieve the tetralogy patients' poor oxygenation. In 1943, having broached the possibility of a surgical solution to Dr. Robert Gross of Boston without success, Dr. Taussig approached Blalock and Thomas in their Hopkins laboratory in 1943.
The original procedure was named for Alfred Blalock, surgeon, Baltimore, (1899–1964) and Helen B. Taussig, cardiologist, Baltimore/Boston, (1898–1986) who, along with Blalock's African American laboratory technician Vivien Thomas (1910–1985), developed the procedure. Taussig, who treated hundreds of infants and children with this disorder, had observed that children with a cyanotic heart defect and a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) lived longer than those without the PDA. It therefore seemed to her that a shunt which mimicked the function of a PDA might relieve the tetralogy patients' poor oxygenation. In 1943, having broached the possibility of a surgical solution to Dr. Robert Gross of Boston without success, Dr. Taussig approached Blalock and Thomas in their Hopkins laboratory in 1943.
According to the account of the original consultation between the three provided in Vivien Thomas' 1985 autobiography Partners of the Heart, Taussig carefully described the anomaly of Tetralogy of Fallot, but made no suggestion about the specific surgical correction required, observing merely that it should be possible to get more blood to the lungs, "as a plumber changes pipes around." Although Dr. Taussig was not aware of it at that time, Blalock and Thomas had already experimented with such an anastomosis, one that Blalock had conceived years earlier for a different purpose but which had the unanticipated effect of re-routing blood to the lungs. The operation involved the joining of the subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery. After meeting with Taussig, the two men set about perfecting the operation in the animal lab, with Thomas performing the subclavian-to-pulmonary anastomosis alone in some 200 laboratory dogs, then adapting the instruments for the first human surgery from those used on the experimental animals and coaching Blalock through the first 100 operations on infants.
Thomas' autobiographical account, corroborated by the participants in the early tetralogy operations (Drs. Denton Cooley and the late William P. Longmire, Jr., intern and resident respectively during the surgery) has led to the recent conclusion that Thomas' contribution, both experimentally and clinically, was so critical that he should have received credit for the procedure along with Drs. Blalock and Taussig. However, because of the racial prejudices of the time, and the academic custom which generally precluded mention of non-degreed lab assistants (Thomas had no formal education beyond high school), he did not receive the honor of having the shunt named after him. The 2004 HBO television movie Something the Lord Made, based on Washingtonian writer Katie McCabe's 1989 article of the same name, was made about his role in the historic Blue Baby surgery, as was the 2003 public television documentary Partners of the Heart.
References
- Partners of the Heart: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock, by Vivien T. Thomas (originally published as Pioneering Research in Surgical Shock and Cardiovascular Surgery: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock), University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. ISBN 0-8122-1634-2
Template:Cardiac surgery and other cardiovascular procedures
de:Blalock-Taussig-Anastomose
uk:Анастомоз Блелока-Тауссіга