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* Currently, there is no research linking the removal of tonsils and the vulnerability of getting sick with COVID-19. There have been several studies that have been performed to check the relationship between getting a tonsillectomy and its effect on the immune system. These have found that in a majority of cases, there is no negative effect of removing tonsils on the body's immune system.<ref name="BitarDowli2015">{{cite journal|last1=Bitar|first1=Mohamad A.|last2=Dowli|first2=Alexander|last3=Mourad|first3=Marc|title=The effect of tonsillectomy on the immune system: A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology|volume=79|issue=8|year=2015|pages=1184–1191|issn=01655876|doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.016}}</ref>
* Currently, there is no research linking the removal of tonsils and the vulnerability of getting sick with COVID-19. There have been several studies that have been performed to check the relationship between getting a tonsillectomy and its effect on the immune system. These have found that in a majority of cases, there is no negative effect of removing tonsils on the body's immune system.<ref name="BitarDowli2015">{{cite journal|last1=Bitar|first1=Mohamad A.|last2=Dowli|first2=Alexander|last3=Mourad|first3=Marc|title=The effect of tonsillectomy on the immune system: A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology|volume=79|issue=8|year=2015|pages=1184–1191|issn=01655876|doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.016}}</ref>
===''' I have been on HCQ for many years for an autoimmune condition, does that make me immune to COVID-19?'''===
* Studies have shown that the use of hydroxychloroquine for prevention does not decrease the incidence of COVID-19; and does not make one immune to COVID-19.<ref name="BoulwarePullen2020">{{cite journal|last1=Boulware|first1=David R.|last2=Pullen|first2=Matthew F.|last3=Bangdiwala|first3=Ananta S.|last4=Pastick|first4=Katelyn A.|last5=Lofgren|first5=Sarah M.|last6=Okafor|first6=Elizabeth C.|last7=Skipper|first7=Caleb P.|last8=Nascene|first8=Alanna A.|last9=Nicol|first9=Melanie R.|last10=Abassi|first10=Mahsa|last11=Engen|first11=Nicole W.|last12=Cheng|first12=Matthew P.|last13=LaBar|first13=Derek|last14=Lother|first14=Sylvain A.|last15=MacKenzie|first15=Lauren J.|last16=Drobot|first16=Glen|last17=Marten|first17=Nicole|last18=Zarychanski|first18=Ryan|last19=Kelly|first19=Lauren E.|last20=Schwartz|first20=Ilan S.|last21=McDonald|first21=Emily G.|last22=Rajasingham|first22=Radha|last23=Lee|first23=Todd C.|last24=Hullsiek|first24=Kathy H.|title=A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|year=2020|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2016638}}</ref>




Revision as of 21:25, 14 June 2020

Case courtesy of Assoc Prof Craig Hacking, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 56030

Are face-masks effective against COVID-19?

  • The use of face-masks has been demonstrated to slow the spread of COVID-19.
  • Studies conducted in community and healthcare settings observed that the use of face-masks was helpful in reducing the spread of the virus. [1]

Can you have COVID-19 without a fever?

  • Yes, one can be diagnosed with COVID-19 without having a fever. Although a majority of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 have fever as a symptom, there are patients who develop other symptoms like shortness of breath, cough and fatigue without developing a fever.[2]

Can COVID-19 be spread through feces?

  • There is a lot of research being done regarding this, and there is no conclusive evidence that COVID-19 can be transmitted through feces.[3]

Is there a vaccine for COVID-19?

  • No, currently there is no vaccine that can prevent COVID-19. Researchers from all over the world are working on developing a vaccine for this virus, and are hopeful that a viable vaccine will be developed in the coming months.[4]

Does drinking alcohol inactivate the coronavirus?

  • Drinking alcohol does not inactivate the coronavirus and does not prevent one from catching the virus. Additionally, excessive use of alcohol can lead to a weakened immune system, leading to a greater risk of becoming sick.[5]

I got my tonsils removed 3 months back, am I more vulnerable than the general population?

  • Currently, there is no research linking the removal of tonsils and the vulnerability of getting sick with COVID-19. There have been several studies that have been performed to check the relationship between getting a tonsillectomy and its effect on the immune system. These have found that in a majority of cases, there is no negative effect of removing tonsils on the body's immune system.[6]

I have been on HCQ for many years for an autoimmune condition, does that make me immune to COVID-19?

  • Studies have shown that the use of hydroxychloroquine for prevention does not decrease the incidence of COVID-19; and does not make one immune to COVID-19.[7]






















Small bowel obstruction vs Ileus
SBO Ileus
Etiology Prior surgery Recent surgery
Abdominal exam Distension
  • Increased bowel sounds
 Possible distension
  • Reduced/absent bowel sounds
Small bowel dilation Present Present
Large bowel dilation Absent Present

USING ALGORITHM

 
 
 
Box 1 in Row 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Box 2 in Row 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Box 3 in Row 3
 
 
 
 
 
Box 4 in Row 4
 
 
 
 
 

Another flowchart

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chest Pain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stable angina
 
 
 
 
Unstable angina
 
 
 
 
MI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NSTEMI
 
 
 
 
 
STEMI




Heart bundle branch blocks are RBBB and LBBB


Case courtesy of OpenStax College, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 26403



  • list
  1. list 2
    1. numbered
      • 2
      • 3

text in bold text in italics text in bold and italics

  • font in blue test
  • font in green test
  • font in hexadecimal color test
  1. Centered red text.
semi colon test
  • indentation for new paragraph with list
indentation for new paragraph without list and bold

Overview

Historical Perspective

  • Disease Name and discovery
  • Gene mutations
  • 1st diagnosis in year

Classification

  • Disease classification
    • group 1
    • group 2
  • variations of disease


  1. ↑ MacIntyre, C. Raina; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad (2020). "A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients". International Journal of Nursing Studies. 108: 103629. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103629. ISSN 0020-7489.
  2. ↑ Guan, Wei-jie; Ni, Zheng-yi; Hu, Yu; Liang, Wen-hua; Ou, Chun-quan; He, Jian-xing; Liu, Lei; Shan, Hong; Lei, Chun-liang; Hui, David S.C.; Du, Bin; Li, Lan-juan; Zeng, Guang; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Chen, Ru-chong; Tang, Chun-li; Wang, Tao; Chen, Ping-yan; Xiang, Jie; Li, Shi-yue; Wang, Jin-lin; Liang, Zi-jing; Peng, Yi-xiang; Wei, Li; Liu, Yong; Hu, Ya-hua; Peng, Peng; Wang, Jian-ming; Liu, Ji-yang; Chen, Zhong; Li, Gang; Zheng, Zhi-jian; Qiu, Shao-qin; Luo, Jie; Ye, Chang-jiang; Zhu, Shao-yong; Zhong, Nan-shan (2020). "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (18): 1708–1720. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. ISSN 0028-4793.
  3. ↑ Amirian, E. Susan (2020). "Potential fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Current evidence and implications for public health". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 95: 363–370. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.057. ISSN 1201-9712.
  4. ↑ "How to Protect Yourself & Others | CDC".
  5. ↑ "Myth busters".
  6. ↑ Bitar, Mohamad A.; Dowli, Alexander; Mourad, Marc (2015). "The effect of tonsillectomy on the immune system: A systematic review and meta-analysis". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 79 (8): 1184–1191. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.016. ISSN 0165-5876.
  7. ↑ Boulware, David R.; Pullen, Matthew F.; Bangdiwala, Ananta S.; Pastick, Katelyn A.; Lofgren, Sarah M.; Okafor, Elizabeth C.; Skipper, Caleb P.; Nascene, Alanna A.; Nicol, Melanie R.; Abassi, Mahsa; Engen, Nicole W.; Cheng, Matthew P.; LaBar, Derek; Lother, Sylvain A.; MacKenzie, Lauren J.; Drobot, Glen; Marten, Nicole; Zarychanski, Ryan; Kelly, Lauren E.; Schwartz, Ilan S.; McDonald, Emily G.; Rajasingham, Radha; Lee, Todd C.; Hullsiek, Kathy H. (2020). "A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19". New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2016638. ISSN 0028-4793.
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