Sandbox:Nasrin: Difference between revisions
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=[[Xyz epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]= | =[[Xyz epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]= | ||
*Early reports from china revealed that COVID-19 rarely involves the kidneys, as [[Acute Renal Failure]] was not seen among COVID-19 hospitalized patients and | *Early reports from china revealed that COVID-19 rarely involves the kidneys, as [[Acute Renal Failure]] was not seen among COVID-19 hospitalized patients and mild [[BUN]] or creatinine rise [10.8%] and mild proteinuria [7.2%] occurred. <ref name="WangLi2020">{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Luwen|last2=Li|first2=Xun|last3=Chen|first3=Hui|last4=Yan|first4=Shaonan|last5=Li|first5=Dong|last6=Li|first6=Yan|last7=Gong|first7=Zuojiong|title=Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China|journal=American Journal of Nephrology|volume=51|issue=5|year=2020|pages=343–348|issn=0250-8095|doi=10.1159/000507471}}</ref> | ||
*However, recent study found 75.4% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia developed [[hematuria]], [[proteinuria]], and [[AKI]]. <ref name="PeiZhang2020">{{cite journal|last1=Pei|first1=Guangchang|last2=Zhang|first2=Zhiguo|last3=Peng|first3=Jing|last4=Liu|first4=Liu|last5=Zhang|first5=Chunxiu|last6=Yu|first6=Chong|last7=Ma|first7=Zufu|last8=Huang|first8=Yi|last9=Liu|first9=Wei|last10=Yao|first10=Ying|last11=Zeng|first11=Rui|last12=Xu|first12=Gang|title=Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia|journal=Journal of the American Society of Nephrology|volume=31|issue=6|year=2020|pages=1157–1165|issn=1046-6673|doi=10.1681/ASN.2020030276}}</ref> But, these findings are not significantly different with other critical diseases. | *However, recent study found 75.4% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia developed [[hematuria]], [[proteinuria]], and [[AKI]]. <ref name="PeiZhang2020">{{cite journal|last1=Pei|first1=Guangchang|last2=Zhang|first2=Zhiguo|last3=Peng|first3=Jing|last4=Liu|first4=Liu|last5=Zhang|first5=Chunxiu|last6=Yu|first6=Chong|last7=Ma|first7=Zufu|last8=Huang|first8=Yi|last9=Liu|first9=Wei|last10=Yao|first10=Ying|last11=Zeng|first11=Rui|last12=Xu|first12=Gang|title=Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia|journal=Journal of the American Society of Nephrology|volume=31|issue=6|year=2020|pages=1157–1165|issn=1046-6673|doi=10.1681/ASN.2020030276}}</ref> But, these findings are not significantly different with other critical diseases. | ||
Revision as of 00:24, 17 June 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]
Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19
For patient information, click here
Synonyms and keywords: Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Renal Failure, AKI, ARF
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is a primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, mostly presents in kidneys as well as lungs and heart.[1]
- Despite kidney injury following COVID-19 infection is less frequent than severe lung injury, ACE2: ACE ratio is higher in the kidneys compared to the respiratory system. (1:1 in the kidneys VS 1:20 in the respiratory system)[1]
Causes
Differentiating Xyz from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Early reports from china revealed that COVID-19 rarely involves the kidneys, as Acute Renal Failure was not seen among COVID-19 hospitalized patients and mild BUN or creatinine rise [10.8%] and mild proteinuria [7.2%] occurred. [2]
- However, recent study found 75.4% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia developed hematuria, proteinuria, and AKI. [3] But, these findings are not significantly different with other critical diseases.
Risk Factors
- Severe COVID-19 pneumonia and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome are associated with developing AKI.[3]
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- Approximately half of the new AKI following COVID-19 is mild with good short-term prognosis.
- If no improvement occurs during follow-up, it is contributed to higher mortality.[3]
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Interventions | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Malha, Line; Mueller, Franco B.; Pecker, Mark S.; Mann, Samuel J.; August, Phyllis; Feig, Peter U. (2020). "COVID-19 and the Renin-Angiotensin System". Kidney International Reports. 5 (5): 563–565. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.024. ISSN 2468-0249.
- ↑ Wang, Luwen; Li, Xun; Chen, Hui; Yan, Shaonan; Li, Dong; Li, Yan; Gong, Zuojiong (2020). "Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China". American Journal of Nephrology. 51 (5): 343–348. doi:10.1159/000507471. ISSN 0250-8095.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Pei, Guangchang; Zhang, Zhiguo; Peng, Jing; Liu, Liu; Zhang, Chunxiu; Yu, Chong; Ma, Zufu; Huang, Yi; Liu, Wei; Yao, Ying; Zeng, Rui; Xu, Gang (2020). "Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 31 (6): 1157–1165. doi:10.1681/ASN.2020030276. ISSN 1046-6673.