Encephalopathy risk factors

Encephalopathy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Elderly patients and patients with multisystem disease are at risk for the development of encephalopathy.

Risk Factors

Most common cause of encephalopathy is metabolic cause. In this condition there will be increase in toxic substance to brain keeping the person at high risk of encephalopathy.

Common

• Liver diseases
• Renal diseases
• Diabetes
• Underlying brain condition's like stroke ,epilepsy
• Electrolyte abnormalities - hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Massive trauma

Less common

• Nutritional deficiency
• Post surgical status

PRECIPITATING FACTORS FOR ENCEPHALOPATHY
Underlying Disease	Examples	Precipitating Factors
LIVER DISEASES	Cirrhosis, Acute Liver Failure, Budd Chiari Syndrome, Hepatoma	Dehydration, Infection, Constipation, GI Bleeding, Electrolyte Imbalance
RENAL DISEASES	Renal Failure, Hyponatremia	Electrolyte Imbalance, Uremia, Dialysis, Uncontrolled HTN, Thiamine Deficiency
DIABETES	DKA	Chronic hyperglycemia, Stress, Trauma, Infection, SGLT-2 inhibitors, Thiazide Diuretics, Acute pancreatitis
STROKE, EPILEPSY	Ischemic stroke, Status Epilepticus	Acute seizure, Acute stroke