Syncope causes: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 00:21, 30 July 2020
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Syncope Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Syncope causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Syncope causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
More serious causes of syncope include cardiac (heart-related) causes such as an abnormal heart rhythm (an arrhythmia), where the heart beats too slowly, too rapidly or too irregularly to pump enough blood to the brain. Other important cardio-vascular conditions that can be manifested by syncope include subclavian steal syndrome and aortic stenosis. Vasovagal (situational) syncope, one of the most common types, may occur in scary or embarrassing situations or during blood drawing, coughing, or urinating
Causes
Peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output are the two main determinants for the presentation of syncope. autonomic nervous system impairment due to drugs or an autonomic failure, can lead to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Reflex activity impairment may also cause a decrease of peripheral vascular resistance, as the body normal compensation reflexes fail. Decrease in cardiac output may be due to venous pooling, cardioinhibitory reflexes, arrhythmia, hypertension, pulmonary embolism, and volume depletion leading to diminished venous return, among others.
Life threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Hemorrhage
- Hypotension
- Hypoxia
- Pulmonary embolism was found in 17% of patients admitted to the hospital for syncope may have pulmonary embolism according to a study of Italian hospitals.[1] This suggests these patients should be routinely assessed with the Wells score and d-dimer test with imaging if the Wells score was more than 4 or the d-dimer test was abnormal.
- Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Ventricular arrhythmia[2]
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Prandoni, Paolo; Lensing, Anthonie W.A.; Prins, Martin H.; Ciammaichella, Maurizio; Perlati, Marica; Mumoli, Nicola; Bucherini, Eugenio; Visonà, Adriana; Bova, Carlo; Imberti, Davide; Campostrini, Stefano; Barbar, Sofia (2016-10-20). "Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism among Patients Hospitalized for Syncope". New England Journal of Medicine. 375 (16): 1524–1531. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1602172. ISSN 1533-4406 0028-4793, 1533-4406 Check
|issn=value (help). Retrieved 2016-10-21. - ↑ Khoo, C.; Chakrabarti, S.; Arbour, L.; Krahn, AD. (2013). "Recognizing life-threatening causes of syncope". Cardiol Clin. 31 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2012.10.005. PMID 23217687. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kapoor, WN. (2000). "Syncope". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1856–62. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432507. PMID 11117979. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Nishida, K.; Hirota, SK.; Tokeshi, J. (2008). "Laugh syncope as a rare sub-type of the situational syncopes: a case report". J Med Case Rep. 2: 197. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-197. PMID 18538031.
- ↑ Benbadis, SR.; Chichkova, R. (2006). "Psychogenic pseudosyncope: an underestimated and provable diagnosis". Epilepsy Behav. 9 (1): 106–10. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.02.011. PMID 16697264. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)