Heart murmur resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:56, 9 August 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

systolic murmur
- Ejection murmurs
  - Functional
    - Still's murmur and its adult variant
    - Flow murmur emanating from the root of the pulmonary artery
    - Murmur associated with high cardiac output states
    - Flow murmurs associated with aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency
  - Organic
    - Valvular aortic stenosis
    - Aortic sclerosis
    - Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis (web or tunnel)
    - Supravalvular aortic stenosis
    - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
    - Pulmonary valvular stenosis
    - Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
    - Atrial septal defect
    - Tetralogy of Fallot
- Regurgitant murmurs
  - Functional: none
  - Organic:
    - Mitral regurgitation:
      - Rheumatic
      - Papillary muscle dysfunction
      - Mitral valve prolapse
      - Acute
    - Tricuspid regurgitation:
      - Chronic
      - Acute
    - Ventricular septal defect
      - Roger's type (small and large)
        Without pulmonary hypertension
        
        With pulmonary hypertension
      - Slitlike
  - Extracardiac sounds simulating systolic heart murmurs
    - Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) murmur
    - Internal mammary soufflé
    - Carotid artery bruits
    - Coarctation of the aorta
    - Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root
    - Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension
diastolic murmur
- Aortic regurgitation
- Pulmonary valve regurgitation
- Mitral rumble
  - Obstruction to flow
    - Mitral stenosis (rheumatic, congenital)
    - Left atrial myxoma
    - Cor triatriatum
    - Localized pericardial constriction
  - Increased flow
    - Mitral regurgitation
    - Ventricular septal defect
    - Patent ductus arteriousus
    - Complete heart block
- Tricuspid rumble
  - Obstruction to flow
    - Tricuspid stenosis (rheumatic, Ebstein's anomoly, carinoid)
    - Right atrial myxoma
    - Localized pericardial constriction
  - Increased flow
    - Atrial septal defect
    - Tricuspid regurgitation
continuous murmur
- THORACIC:
  - Precordial
    - Patent ductus arteriosus
    - Coronary arteriovenous fistulas
    - Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into right cavities
    - Atrial septal defect associated with abnormalities that cause increased pressure in the left atrium
    - Left coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery anomaly
    - Continuous murmur at intern mammary artery
  - Extra Precordial
    - Coarctation of the aorta
    - Pulmonary atresia
    - Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
    - Truncus arteriosus
    - Anomalies of origin of the pulmonary artery
- EXTRATHORACIC:
  - Venous hum
  - Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
  - Sever arterial stenosis
  - Extrathoracic arteriovenos fistulas

Diagnosis

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the Strategy for evaluating [[heart murmurs]] according the the ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ValvularHeart Disease.

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Do's

The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ===Common Causes===
-* [[systolic murmur]] <ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
+* [[systolic murmur]]
 **Ejection murmurs
 ***Functional
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 ****Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root
 ****Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension  <br />
-*[[diastolic murmur]] <ref name="pmid21250187">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=21250187 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
+*[[diastolic murmur]]
 **Aortic regurgitation
 **Pulmonary valve regurgitation
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 ****Atrial septal defect
 ****Tricuspid regurgitation
-*[[continuous murmur]] <ref name="pmid22574086">{{cite journal| author=Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L| title=Continuous murmur--the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions. | journal=J Med Life | year= 2012 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 39-46 | pmid=22574086 | doi= | pmc=3307079 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22574086  }} </ref>
+*[[continuous murmur]]
 **THORACIC:
 ***Precordial
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 ==Diagnosis==
-Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of <nowiki>[[disease name]]</nowiki> according the the [...] guidelines.
+Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the Strategy for evaluating <nowiki>[[heart murmurs]]</nowiki> according the the ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ValvularHeart Disease.
 {{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
 {{familytree | | | | A01 | | | A01= }}
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+<references />