Heart murmur resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[systolic murmur]] | * [[systolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | ||
**Ejection murmurs | **Ejection murmurs | ||
***Functional | ***Functional | ||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
****Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root | ****Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root | ||
****Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension <br /> | ****Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension <br /> | ||
*[[diastolic murmur]] | *[[diastolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250187">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=21250187 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | ||
**Aortic regurgitation | **Aortic regurgitation | ||
**Pulmonary valve regurgitation | **Pulmonary valve regurgitation | ||
| Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
****Atrial septal defect | ****Atrial septal defect | ||
****Tricuspid regurgitation | ****Tricuspid regurgitation | ||
*[[continuous murmur]] | *[[continuous murmur]] <ref name="pmid22574086">{{cite journal| author=Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L| title=Continuous murmur--the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions. | journal=J Med Life | year= 2012 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 39-46 | pmid=22574086 | doi= | pmc=3307079 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22574086 }} </ref> | ||
**THORACIC: | **THORACIC: | ||
***Precordial | ***Precordial | ||
Revision as of 15:16, 10 August 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- papillary muscle rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction (MI)
- rupture of chordae tendineae.
- infective endocarditis
- blunt chest wall trauma
Common Causes
- systolic murmur[1]
- Ejection murmurs
- Functional
- Still's murmur and its adult variant
- Flow murmur emanating from the root of the pulmonary artery
- Murmur associated with high cardiac output states
- Flow murmurs associated with aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency
- Organic
- Valvular aortic stenosis
- Aortic sclerosis
- Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis (web or tunnel)
- Supravalvular aortic stenosis
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- Pulmonary valvular stenosis
- Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
- Atrial septal defect
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Functional
- Regurgitant murmurs
- Functional: none
- Organic:
- Mitral regurgitation:
- Rheumatic
- Papillary muscle dysfunction
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Acute
- Tricuspid regurgitation:
- Chronic
- Acute
- Ventricular septal defect
- Roger's type (small and large)
- Without pulmonary hypertension
- With pulmonary hypertension
- Slitlike
- Roger's type (small and large)
- Mitral regurgitation:
- Extracardiac sounds simulating systolic heart murmurs
- Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) murmur
- Internal mammary soufflé
- Carotid artery bruits
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root
- Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension
- Ejection murmurs
- diastolic murmur[2]
- Aortic regurgitation
- Pulmonary valve regurgitation
- Mitral rumble
- Obstruction to flow
- Mitral stenosis (rheumatic, congenital)
- Left atrial myxoma
- Cor triatriatum
- Localized pericardial constriction
- Increased flow
- Mitral regurgitation
- Ventricular septal defect
- Patent ductus arteriousus
- Complete heart block
- Obstruction to flow
- Tricuspid rumble
- Obstruction to flow
- Tricuspid stenosis (rheumatic, Ebstein's anomoly, carinoid)
- Right atrial myxoma
- Localized pericardial constriction
- Increased flow
- Atrial septal defect
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Obstruction to flow
- continuous murmur [3]
- THORACIC:
- Precordial
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Coronary arteriovenous fistulas
- Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into right cavities
- Atrial septal defect associated with abnormalities that cause increased pressure in the left atrium
- Left coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery anomaly
- Continuous murmur at intern mammary artery
- Extra Precordial
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Pulmonary atresia
- Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
- Truncus arteriosus
- Anomalies of origin of the pulmonary artery
- Precordial
- EXTRATHORACIC:
- Venous hum
- Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
- Sever arterial stenosis
- Extrathoracic arteriovenos fistulas
- THORACIC:
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the Strategy for evaluating heart murmurs according the the ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ValvularHeart Disease.
| Cardiac murmur | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| systolic murmur | diastolic murmur | continuous murmur | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ❑ Midsystolic, grade 2 or less | ❑ Early systolic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Echocardiography | D02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| E01 | E02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| E01 | E02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250186.
- ↑ Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250187.
- ↑ Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L (2012). "Continuous murmur--the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions". J Med Life. 5 (1): 39–46. PMC 3307079. PMID 22574086.