Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics): Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Urinary tract''' infections ('''UTIs''') are common in kids. it occurs when bacteria (germs) get into the bladder( | '''Urinary tract''' infections ('''UTIs''') are common in kids. it occurs when bacteria (germs) get into the bladder(lower tract infection) or kidneys(upper tract).abdominal pain and loin tenderness, with systemic features fever, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy and malaise is the signs of upper tract infection while lower abdominal or suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency is lower tract infections signs.in younger children the typical signs are not clear and it is difficult to differentiation between upper and lower tract infection, Up to 8% of girls and 2% of boys will get a UTI by age 5 Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition,usually With the right treatment, your child should start to feel better in just a few days. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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===infection=== | ===infection=== | ||
*[[E.coli]] ,is the most common cause of UTI in children of all age. | *[[E.coli]] ,is the most common cause of UTI in children of all age.<ref name="pmid20514772">{{cite journal| author=Spahiu L, Hasbahta V| title=Most frequent causes of urinary tract infections in children. | journal=Med Arh | year= 2010 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 88-90 | pmid=20514772 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20514772 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Klebsiella]], is the second common cause. | *[[Klebsiella]], is the second common cause. | ||
*[[Proteus ]] | *[[Proteus ]] | ||
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==FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation== | ==FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation== | ||
UTI should be considered in any infant or child presenting with fever without an identifiable source of infection.because it can be associated with acute mortality (i.e. urosepsis) and/or chronic medical problems like renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiency'''''urinalysis and urine culture''''' should be done. in recurrent UTI renal and bladder ultrasound is recommended. | UTI should be considered in any infant or child presenting with fever without an identifiable source of infection.because it can be associated with acute mortality (i.e. urosepsis) and/or chronic medical problems like renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiency<ref name="pmid25421102">{{cite journal| author=Becknell B, Schober M, Korbel L, Spencer JD| title=The diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and recurrent pediatric urinary tract infections. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2015 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 81-90 | pmid=25421102 | doi=10.1586/14787210.2015.986097 | pmc=4652790 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25421102 }} </ref>'''''urinalysis and urine culture''''' should be done. in recurrent UTI renal and bladder ultrasound is recommended. | ||
==Complete Diagnostic Approach== | ==Complete Diagnostic Approach== | ||
Revision as of 19:32, 17 August 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rana aljebzi, M.D.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Urinary tract infection in kids, UTI in kids, UTI in pediatrics, pedicatrics urinary tract infection
| Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters |
|---|
| Overview |
| Causes |
| FIRE |
| Diagnosis |
| Treatment |
| Do's |
| Don'ts |
Overview
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in kids. it occurs when bacteria (germs) get into the bladder(lower tract infection) or kidneys(upper tract).abdominal pain and loin tenderness, with systemic features fever, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy and malaise is the signs of upper tract infection while lower abdominal or suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency is lower tract infections signs.in younger children the typical signs are not clear and it is difficult to differentiation between upper and lower tract infection, Up to 8% of girls and 2% of boys will get a UTI by age 5 Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition,usually With the right treatment, your child should start to feel better in just a few days.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Urinary tract infections has two basic types,bladder infection and kidney infection. if the infection is in the bladder it is called cystitis and it causes pain and swelling in bladder, while if the infection traveled up to the kidneys in this condition ,it is called pyelonephritis and it is serious and it might harm the kidneys.
Common Causes
infection
- E.coli ,is the most common cause of UTI in children of all age.[1]
- Klebsiella, is the second common cause.
- Proteus
- Enterobacter and Enterococcus
- Citrobacter
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Candida albicans.
Mechanical
- vesicoureteral reflux , is the most common predisposing factor in recurrent UTI.
- urinary obstruction.
FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
UTI should be considered in any infant or child presenting with fever without an identifiable source of infection.because it can be associated with acute mortality (i.e. urosepsis) and/or chronic medical problems like renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiency[2]urinalysis and urine culture should be done. in recurrent UTI renal and bladder ultrasound is recommended.
Complete Diagnostic Approach
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
| UTI in child | |||||||||||||||||
| Urin analysis | |||||||||||||||||
| first time UTI | recurrent episodes UTI | ||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ Spahiu L, Hasbahta V (2010). "Most frequent causes of urinary tract infections in children". Med Arh. 64 (2): 88–90. PMID 20514772.
- ↑ Becknell B, Schober M, Korbel L, Spencer JD (2015). "The diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and recurrent pediatric urinary tract infections". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 13 (1): 81–90. doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.986097. PMC 4652790. PMID 25421102.