Lymphadenopathy resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes include conditions | Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | ||
* [[ | * Infectious [[mediastinal]] [[lymphadenopathy]]<ref name="pmid23723103">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hiraishi Y, Goto Y, Ohishi N, Nagase T |title=Infectious mediastinal lymphadenopathy after repeated transbronchial needle aspiration |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2013 |issue= |pages= |date=May 2013 |pmid=23723103 |pmc=3669807 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2012-007998 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
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* '''O'''thers: | * '''O'''thers: | ||
** [[Rosai Dorfman disease]], [[Kikuchi disease]], pseudotumor of [[Lymph nodes|L.N]], transformation of [[germinal centers]], and [[vascular]] transformation of [[sinuses]]. | ** [[Rosai Dorfman disease]], [[Kikuchi disease]], pseudotumor of [[Lymph nodes|L.N]], transformation of [[germinal centers]], and [[vascular]] transformation of [[sinuses]]. | ||
* For more detailed information in the causes of lymphadenopathy, [[Lymphadenopathy causes|click here]]. | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Revision as of 20:25, 21 August 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: , Javaria Anwer M.D.[2]
Overview
Lymphadenopathy (LAD) is used to describe abnormal size, consistency, and the number of lymph nodes. Under normal conditions, lymph nodes may not be palpated. The lymph nodes maybe central or peripheral located deep in the subcutaneous tissue. Common causes of lymphadenopathy include infectious and non-infectious. A thorough physical exam is important to establish a differential diagnosis.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Infectious mediastinal lymphadenopathy[1]
Common Causes
The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and many research articles utilize a pneumonic CHICAGO to include all causes of lymphadenopathy based on etiology.[2][3] The causes may also be remembered based on the location of lymph nodes.
- Cancers:
- Hypersensitivity :
- Serum sickness, immunization reactions, graft-vs-host disease, silicone allergy, and drug allergy (such as sulfonamides, allopurinol, carbamazepine, etc).
- Infections:
- Fungal, Protozoan, Rickettsial (Typhus), Helminthes.
- Bacterial: Tiberculosis, syphilis (primary and secondary), chancroid, staphylococcus or streptococcal skin infections.
- Viral: IM, CMV, HIV,lymphadenitis post vaccination, adenovirus, herpes zoster, and hepatitis (infectious), and melioidosis.
- Chlamydial (lymphogranuloma venereum), protozoan (toxoplasmosis), mycotic (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, helminthic (filariasis, and rickettsial (typhus).
- Connective tissue disorders:
- Atypical lymphoproliferative disorders :
- Granulomatous:
- Others:
- Rosai Dorfman disease, Kikuchi disease, pseudotumor of L.N, transformation of germinal centers, and vascular transformation of sinuses.
- For more detailed information in the causes of lymphadenopathy, click here.
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ Hiraishi Y, Goto Y, Ohishi N, Nagase T (May 2013). "Infectious mediastinal lymphadenopathy after repeated transbronchial needle aspiration". BMJ Case Rep. 2013. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-007998. PMC 3669807. PMID 23723103.
- ↑ "Tips From Other Journals - American Family Physician".
- ↑ Habermann TM, Steensma DP (July 2000). "Lymphadenopathy". Mayo Clin. Proc. 75 (7): 723–32. doi:10.4065/75.7.723. PMID 10907389.