Ataxia differential diagnosis

TYPE	CAUSE	PROGRESSION	EPIDEMIOLOGY	IMAGING FEATURES	ASSOCIATED FACTORS	SYMPTOMS
Acute cerebellitis			More common in children and young adults	Normal or abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at onset	Epstein-Barr virus, influenza A and B, mumps, varicella-zoster virus, coxsackie virus, rotavirus, echovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and immunization
Bacterial infection					Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes
Acquired immunodeficiency syndromes					Related to M. pneumonia, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and toxoplasmosis
Chronic alcohol use/Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration	Toxic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems Direct toxic alcoholic effect on the Purkinje cells	Rapid progression (weeks or months)		Vermis atrophy		Severe ataxia of gait and lower limbs with relatively mild involvement of the upper limbs. Speech and ocular motility are usually preserved
Antibiotic-induced acute ataxia	Interaction of polymyxins with neurons has been associated with the occurrence of several neurotoxic events	Weeks after initiation		Brain MRI abnormalities Characteristic reversible MRI signal abnormalities in the cerebellar dentate nuclei, dorsal brainstem, or splenium of the corpus callosum Non-specific EEG abnormalities		Ataxia may also occur in isolation or combined with dizziness, generalized muscle weakness, partial deafness, visual disturbances, vertigo, confusion, hallucinations, seizures, and neuromuscular blockade
Para-neoplastic syndrome
Vitamin deficiency
Chronic infections
Neurodegenerative diseases
Brain tumors
Stroke
Vestibular neuritis
Sjögren syndrome

References

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