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VisualWikitext

Revision as of 20:44, 25 August 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

[Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].

Classification

[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:

[group1]
[group2]
[group3]

Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].

Pathophysiology

The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Causes

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases

For further information about the differential diagnosis, click here.

Epidemiology and Demographics

The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].

Age

Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].

[Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
[Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].

Gender

[Disease name] affects men and women equally.

[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Race

There is no racial predilection for [disease name].

[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:

[criterion 1]
[criterion 2]
[criterion 3]
[criterion 4]

Symptoms

[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:

[symptom 1]
[symptom 2]
[symptom 3]
[symptom 4]
[symptom 5]
[symptom 6]

Physical Examination

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
Physical examination may be remarkable for:

[finding 1]
[finding 2]
[finding 3]
[finding 4]
[finding 5]
[finding 6]

Laboratory Findings

There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Electrocardiogram

There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

X-ray

There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].

OR

Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

CT scan

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

MRI

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Other Imaging Findings

There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.

The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].

Prevention

There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].

Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].

Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].

References

Template:WS Template:WH

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
+{{SI}}
+{{CMG}}
-{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{RJ}}
-{{SK}} Urinary tract infection in kids, UTI in kids, UTI in pediatrics, pedicatrics urinary tract infection
-{| class="infobox" style="margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right; width: 100px; background: #A8A8A8; position: fixed; top: 250px; right: 21px; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0";
-|-
-! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 85%; background: #A8A8A8" align=center| {{fontcolor|#2B3B44|Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters}}
-|-
-! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Overview|Overview]]
-|-
-! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Causes|Causes]]
-|-
-! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics)#FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation|FIRE]]
-|-
-! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Complete Diagnostic Approach|Diagnosis]]
-|-
-! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Treatment|Treatment]]
-|-
-! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Do's|Do's]]
-|-
-! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | [[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics)#Don'ts|Don'ts]]
-|}
 ==Overview==
-'''Urinary tract''' infections ('''UTIs''') are common in kids. it occurs when bacteria (germs) get into the bladder(lower tract infection) or kidneys(upper tract).abdominal pain and loin tenderness, with systemic features fever, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy and malaise is the signs of upper tract infection while lower abdominal or suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency is lower tract infections signs.in younger children the typical signs are not clear and it is difficult to differentiation between upper and lower tract infection, Up to 8% of girls and 2% of boys will get a UTI by age 5  Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition,usually With the right treatment, your child should start to feel better in just a few days.
+==Historical Perspective==
+*[Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
+*In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
+*In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
+==Classification==
+*[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
+:*[group1]
+:*[group2]
+:*[group3]
+*Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
+==Pathophysiology==
+*The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
+*The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
+*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
+*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
 ==Causes==
-===Life Threatening Causes===
+Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
-'''Urinary tract''' infections has two basic types,bladder infection and kidney infection. if the infection is in the bladder it is called cystitis and it causes pain and swelling in bladder, while if the infection traveled up to the kidneys in this condition ,it is called pyelonephritis and it is serious and it might harm the kidneys.
-===Common Causes===
-===infection===
-*[[E.coli]] ,is the most common cause of UTI in children of all age.<ref name="pmid20514772">{{cite journal| author=Spahiu L, Hasbahta V| title=Most frequent causes of urinary tract infections in children. | journal=Med Arh | year= 2010 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 88-90 | pmid=20514772 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20514772  }} </ref>
+OR
-*[[Klebsiella]], is the second common cause.
-*[[Proteus ]]
-*[[Enterobacter and Enterococcus]]
-*[[Citrobacter]]
-* [[Staphylococcus saprophyticus Candida albicans.|Staphylococcus saprophyticus]]
-* [[Staphylococcus saprophyticus Candida albicans.|Candida albicans.]]
-==== Mechanical ====
+Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
-*[[vesicoureteral reflux]] , is the most common predisposing factor in recurrent UTI.
+OR
-*[[Common cause 4|urinary obstruction]].
-==FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation==
+The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
-UTI should be considered in any infant or child presenting with fever without an identifiable source of infection.because it can be associated with acute mortality (i.e. urosepsis) and/or chronic medical problems like renal scarring<ref name="pmid25421102">{{cite journal| author=Becknell B, Schober M, Korbel L, Spencer JD| title=The diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and recurrent pediatric urinary tract infections. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2015 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 81-90 | pmid=25421102 | doi=10.1586/14787210.2015.986097 | pmc=4652790 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25421102  }} </ref>, hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiency,that is why '''''[[urinalysis]] and  [[urine culture]]''''' should be done.The AAP (American Academy od pediatrics) recommendations for imaging after an initial febrile UTI were extensive and included renal and bladder ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) or radionuclide cystography in all children younger than two years of age <ref name="pmid21873693">{{cite journal| author=Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management. Roberts KB| title=Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2011 | volume= 128 | issue= 3 | pages= 595-610 | pmid=21873693 | doi=10.1542/peds.2011-1330 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21873693  }} </ref>
-==Complete Diagnostic Approach==
+OR
-Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of <nowiki>UTI in children</nowiki> according the the '''AAP''' [American Academy of pediatrics] guidelines.
+The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click [[Pericarditis causes#Overview|here]].
+==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases==
-{{familytree/start}}
+For further information about the differential diagnosis, click [[Disease_Name differential diagnosis|here]].
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01= Child with fever or symptoms of UTI}}
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
-{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | |}}
-{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 |B01 = Stable | B02 = Unstable/Sepsis |}}
-{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | }}
-{{familytree | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| C01 = Urine analysis/culture before ABs | }}
-{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | }}
-{{familytree | D01 | | | | | D02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | D03 | D01 = First time UTI | D02 = Recurrent|D03 = |}}
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
-{{familytree/end}}
+==Epidemiology and Demographics==
+* The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
+* In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
+===Age===
+*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
+*[Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
+*[Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
+===Gender===
+*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
+*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
+* The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
+===Race===
+*There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
+*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
+*[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
+==Risk Factors==
+*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
-{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
+== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01= }}
+*The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
-{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
+*Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
-{{familytree | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01= |B02= }}
+*If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
-{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
+*Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
-{{familytree | | | C01 | | | | | | | | |!| |C01= }}
+*Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
-{{familytree | |,|-|^|.| | | | | | | | |!| }}
-{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | | | | | D03 |D01= |D02= |D03= }}
-{{familytree | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|.| }}
-{{familytree | E01 | | | | | | | E02 | | | E03 |E01= |E02= |E03= }}
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| }}
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | F02 |F01= |F02= }}
-{{familytree/end}}
-==Treatment==
+== Diagnosis ==
-Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of <nowiki>UTI in children</nowiki> according to the '''AAP''' [American Academy of pediatrics] guidelines.
+===Diagnostic Criteria===
-*'''The goals of treatment are''':
+*The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
-**Elimination of the acute infection
+:*[criterion 1]
-**Prevent the complication
+:*[criterion 2]
-**Reduce the renal damage
+:*[criterion 3]
-{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
+:*[criterion 4]
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01= }}
-{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
+=== Symptoms ===
-{{familytree | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01= |B02= }}
+*[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
-{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
+*Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
-{{familytree | | | C01 | | | | | | | | |!| |C01= }}
+:*[symptom 1]
-{{familytree | |,|-|^|.| | | | | | | | |!| }}
+:*[symptom 2]
-{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | | | | | D03 |D01= |D02= |D03= }}
+:*[symptom 3]
-{{familytree | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|.| }}
+:*[symptom 4]
-{{familytree | E01 | | | | | | | E02 | | | E03 |E01= |E02= |E03= }}
+:*[symptom 5]
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| }}
+:*[symptom 6]
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | F02 |F01= |F02= }}
-{{familytree/end}}
+=== Physical Examination ===
+*Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
+*Physical examination may be remarkable for:
+:*[finding 1]
+:*[finding 2]
+:*[finding 3]
+:*[finding 4]
+:*[finding 5]
+:*[finding 6]
-==Table1==
+=== Laboratory Findings ===
-Some Empiric Antimicrobial Agents for Oral Treatment of UTI.<ref name="pmid21873693">{{cite journal| author=Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management. Roberts KB| title=Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2011 | volume= 128 | issue= 3 | pages= 595-610 | pmid=21873693 | doi=10.1542/peds.2011-1330 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21873693  }} </ref>
+*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
-! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Antimicrobial Agent}}
-! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Dosage}}
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Amoxicillin-clavulanate
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |20–40 mg/kg per d in 3 doses
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Sulfonamide
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|*Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |6–12 mg/kg trimethoprim and 30-60 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole per d in 2 doses
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|*Sulfisoxazole
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |120–150 mg/kg per d in 4 doses
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Cephalosporin
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|*Cefixime
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |8 mg/kg per d in 1 dose
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|*Cefpodoxime
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |10 mg/kg per d in 2 doses
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|* Cefprozil
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |30 mg/kg per d in 2 doses
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|* Cefuroxime axetil
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |20–30 mg/kg per d in 2 doses
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|*Cephalexin
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |50–100 mg/kg per d in 4 doses
-|-
-|}
+*A  [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
-==Table2==
+*An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
-Some Empiric Antimicrobial Agents for Parenteral Treatment of UTI <ref name="pmid21873693">{{cite journal| author=Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management. Roberts KB| title=Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2011 | volume= 128 | issue= 3 | pages= 595-610 | pmid=21873693 | doi=10.1542/peds.2011-1330 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21873693  }} </ref>
+*Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
+===Electrocardiogram===
-! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Antimicrobial Agent}}
+There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].
-! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Dosage}}
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Ceftriaxone
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |75 mg/kg, every 24 h
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Cefotaxime
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |150 mg/kg per d, divided every 6–8 h
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Ceftazidime
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |100–150 mg/kg per d, divided every 8 h
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Gentamicin
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |7.5 mg/kg per d, divided every 8 h
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Tobramycin
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |5 mg/kg per d, divided every 8 h
-|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|Piperacillin
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |300 mg/kg per d, divided every 6–8 h
-|-
-|}
+OR
-==Do's==
+An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
-* Immediate empirical antimirobial.<ref name="pmid10541510">{{cite journal| author=Larcombe J| title=Urinary tract infection in children. | journal=BMJ | year= 1999 | volume= 319 | issue= 7218 | pages= 1173-5 | pmid=10541510 | doi=10.1136/bmj.319.7218.1173 | pmc=1116958 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10541510  }} </ref>
-* Diagnostic ultrasonography for kidney and bladder to detect anatomical abnormalities.
-* voiding cystourethrogram VCUG ,indicated if US(ultrasonography) shows Hydronephrosis ,scarring,high grade Vesicoureteral Reflux.
-==Don'ts==
+===X-ray===
-* Delay treatment while waiting results of microscopy or culture,that would be harmful.<ref name="pmid10541510">{{cite journal| author=Larcombe J| title=Urinary tract infection in children. | journal=BMJ | year= 1999 | volume= 319 | issue= 7218 | pages= 1173-5 | pmid=10541510 | doi=10.1136/bmj.319.7218.1173 | pmc=1116958 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10541510  }} </ref>
+There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].
-* Routine diagnostic imaging in all children with first infection.
-* Giving prophylaxis antimicrobial to prevent febrile recurrent UTI.
+OR
-* surgical correction of minor functional abnormalities,moderate VUR.
+An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
+===Echocardiography or Ultrasound===
+There are no echocardiography/ultrasound  findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+Echocardiography/ultrasound  may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+There are no echocardiography/ultrasound  findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound  may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
+===CT scan===
+There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
+===MRI===
+There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
+===Other Imaging Findings===
+There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
+*[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
+*Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+== Treatment ==
+=== Medical Therapy ===
+*There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
+*The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
+*[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
+*Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
+=== Surgery ===
+*Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
+*[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
+*[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
+=== Prevention ===
+*There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
+*Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
+*Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
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