Tuberculosis resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

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==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of <nowiki>[[disease name]]</nowiki> according the the [...] guidelines.{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of Tuberculosis according the the Association of chest physicians guidelines.{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | A01= presumptive TB }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | A01= Presumptive [[TB]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | A01= Sputum examination + Chest X-ray }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | A01= [[Sputum]] examination + [[Chest X-ray]] }}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | | A04 |-| A05 | A01= Sputum positive for TB, CXR suggestive of TB | A02= Sputum positive for TB, CXR not suggestive of TB | A03= Sputum negative for TB, CXR suggestive of TB | A04= Sputum negative for TB, CXR not suggestive of TB | A05= High clinical suspicion for TB |}}
{{familytree | | | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | | A04 |-| A05 | A01= [[Sputum]] positive for [[TB]], [[Chest X-ray]] suggestive of [[TB]] | A02= [[Sputum]] positive for [[TB]], [[Chest X-ray]] not suggestive of [[TB]] | A03= [[Sputum]] negative for [[TB]], [[Chest X-ray]] suggestive of [[TB]] | A04= [[Sputum]] negative for [[TB]], [[Chest X-ray]] not suggestive of [[TB]] | A05= High clinical suspicion for [[TB]] }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | |)|-|-|-|'| | | A01 |-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | A01= CBNAAT }}
{{familytree | | | |)|-|-|-|'| | | A01 |-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | A01= [http://Cartridge-Based%20Nucleic%20Acid%20Amplification%20Test Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test] }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | A01 | | A02 |-|-|-|-| A03 | | A01= MTB detected | A02= MTB not detected or CBNAAT result not available | A03= Considere alternate diagnosis }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | A01 | | A02 |-|-|-|-| A03 | | A01= [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] detected | A02= [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] not detected or [http://Cartridge-Based%20Nucleic%20Acid%20Amplification%20Test Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test] result not available | A03= Considere alternate diagnosis }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | | A04 | | A05 | A01= Rif sensitive | A02= Rif indeterminate | A03= Rif resistant | A04= Clinically diagnosed TB | A05= Alternate diagnosis }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | | A04 | | A05 | A01= [[Rifampicin]] sensitive | A02= [[Rifampicin]] indeterminate | A03= [[Rifampicin]] resistant | A04= Clinically diagnosed [[TB]] | A05= Alternate diagnosis }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | A01 |-|'| | | A02 | | A03 | A01= Microbiologically confirmed TB | A02= Repeat CBNAAT on 2nd sample | A03= Refer to management of Rif resistance }}
{{familytree | | | A01 |-|'| | | A02 | | A03 | A01= Microbiologically confirmed [[TB]] | A02= Repeat [[Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test]] on 2nd sample | A03= Refer to management of [[Rifampicin]] [[Drug resistance|resistance]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | A01= Indeterminate of 2nd sample, collect fresh sample of liquid culture/ LPA }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | A01= Indeterminate of 2nd sample, collect fresh sample of liquid culture/ [http://Line%20Probe%20Assay Line Probe Assay] }}
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree/end}}



Revision as of 00:59, 31 August 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Moises Romo M.D.

Synonyms and keywords:

Overview

Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for 'Tubercle bacillus' or Tuberculosis is a common infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis most commonly involves the lungs as the organism thrives in high oxygen environments, but it can also cause disease in the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, bones, joints and even the skin.[1] Over one-third of the world's population has been exposed to M. tuberculosis, and new infections occur at a rate of one per second.[2] Not all individuals exposed to the bacterium develop clinically overt tuberculosis infection; in fact, asymptomatic, latent TB infection discovered by screening is more common. Approximately, one in ten latent infections progresses to active (symptomatic) TB disease, which, if left untreated, carries mortality rates of up to 50%. Symptoms include shortness of breath, hemoptysis, fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss. Several treatment regimens are available for the latent and active forms of TB. Classically, a prolonged course of 6-9 months of a single agent (rifampin or isoniazid) is administered to patients with latent TB, while a more aggressive course that consists of 4 major antituberculous agents (rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide) is reserved for patients with active disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Diagnosis

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of Tuberculosis according the the Association of chest physicians guidelines.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presumptive TB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sputum examination + Chest X-ray
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sputum positive for TB, Chest X-ray suggestive of TB
 
Sputum positive for TB, Chest X-ray not suggestive of TB
 
Sputum negative for TB, Chest X-ray suggestive of TB
 
Sputum negative for TB, Chest X-ray not suggestive of TB
 
High clinical suspicion for TB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected
 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis not detected or Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test result not available
 
 
 
 
Considere alternate diagnosis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rifampicin sensitive
 
Rifampicin indeterminate
 
Rifampicin resistant
 
Clinically diagnosed TB
 
Alternate diagnosis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Microbiologically confirmed TB
 
 
 
 
 
Repeat Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test on 2nd sample
 
Refer to management of Rifampicin resistance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indeterminate of 2nd sample, collect fresh sample of liquid culture/ Line Probe Assay
 


Do's

  • The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

  • The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

  1. Raviglione MC, O'Brien RJ (2004). "Tuberculosis". In Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Isselbacher KJ, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed. ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 953–66. doi:10.1036/0071402357. ISBN 0071402357.
  2. World Health Organization (WHO). Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104 - Global and regional incidence. March 2006, Retrieved on 6 October 2006.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

  Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of disease name according the the [...] guidelines.

  Do's The content in this section is in bullet points. Don'ts The content in this section is in bullet points. References  

Template:WikiDoc Sources