Anasarca: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 09:26, 1 September 2020
| Anasarca | |
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|---|---|
| CT scan showing generalized edema of skin | |
| ICD-10 | R60.1 |
| ICD-9 | 782.3 |
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Anasarca Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mydah Sajid, MD[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Generalized edema, generalized swelling, leucophlegmatia
Overview
Edema is characterized by the collection of excess fluid in the interstitial space. Anasarca is severe edema characterized by swelling throughout the body. The main underlying cause of edema is an imbalance in the hemodynamic status of the capillaries resulting in excess filtration of fluid in the intercellular space due to increased hydrostatic pressure, increased permeability of the capillaries and decreased oncotic pressure. It exceeds the absorptive capacity of lymph vessels. It exceeds the absorptive capacity of lymph vessels. It can be caused by systemic diseases including chronic heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypersensitivity reaction, and chronic renal failure.
Classification
The edema is classified in different types depending upon the severity of fluid accumulation assessed clinically[1].
| Grade | Visibility of edema | Pitting over tibia | Level of edema |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0+ | No | Absent | Cannot assess |
| 1+ | Yes | Slight | Cannot assess |
| 2+ | Yes | Moderate | Below knee |
| 3+ | Yes | Moderate | Above knee |
| 4+ | Yes | Severe (cannot reach tibia) | Above knee |
Causes
Common Causes
Common causes of anasarca may include:[2][3][4][5]
- Congestive cardiac failure
- Anaphylaxis
- Urticaria
- Hepatic cirrhosis
- Renal failure
- Kwashiorkor disease
- obstructive sleep apnea
- pregnancy
- Use of certain medications (Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, clonidine, methyldopa, hydralazine, androgen, corticosteroid)
Differential Diagnosis
References
- ↑ "Correction to Lancet Infectious Diseases 2020; published online April 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(20)30064-5". Lancet Infect Dis. 20 (7): e148. 2020. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30370-4. PMID 32595044 Check
|pmid=value (help). External link in|title=(help) - ↑ Trayes KP, Studdiford JS, Pickle S, Tully AS (2013). "Edema: diagnosis and management". Am Fam Physician. 88 (2): 102–10. PMID 23939641.
- ↑ O'Brien JG, Chennubhotla SA, Chennubhotla RV (2005). "Treatment of edema". Am Fam Physician. 71 (11): 2111–7. PMID 15952439.
- ↑ Cho S, Atwood JE (2002). "Peripheral edema". Am J Med. 113 (7): 580–6. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01322-0. PMID 12459405.
- ↑ Yale SH, Mazza JJ (2001). "Approach to diagnosing lower extremity edema". Compr Ther. 27 (3): 242–52. doi:10.1007/s12019-001-0021-5. PMID 11569326.