Jaundice resident survival guide (pediatrics)

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Jaundice resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters
Overview
Causes
FIRE
Diagnosis
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts

Overview

This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Biliary atresia
• Fulminant Liver failure

Common Causes

Causes of jaundice in children include:

• Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
  • Excessive hemolysis
  • Gilbert syndrome
  • Breast milk jaundice
  • Breast feeding failure jaundice
  • Crigler-Najjar syndrome

• Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
  • Viral infections
    • Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E
    • EBV
  • Sepsis
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Biliary atresia
  • Choledochal cyst
  • Gallstone
  • Hepatotoxic drugs
    • Acetaminophen
    • Anticonvulsants
    • Anesthetics
    • Antituberculous drugs
    • Chemotherapeutic agents
    • Antibiotics
    • Oral contraceptives
  • Inspissated bile syndrome
  • Alagille syndrome
  • Wilson disease
  • Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Autoimmune hepatitis

Complete Diagnostic Approach

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of jaundice in children.

Characterise jaundice ❑ Onset ❑ Duration (acute or chronic) ❑ Progression ❑ Location ❑ Precipitating events ❑ Dark urine ❑ Acholic stools

Ask about associated symptoms ❑ Abdominal pain ❑ Abdominal distension ❑ Nausea and Vomiting ❑ Dyspepsia ❑ Anorexia ❑ Weight gain or loss ❑ Fever and Chills ❑ Itching ❑ Steatorrhea ❑ Arthralgia ❑ Myalgia ❑ Urticaria ❑ Sore throat ❑ Rash ❑ Pale skin ❑ Fatigue ❑ Back pain ❑ Confusion ❑ Lethargy ❑ Poor feeding

Obtain a detailed hitory ❑ Age ❑ Race ❑ Past medical history ❑ Past surgical history ❑ Family history ❑ Travel history ❑ Medications or Herbal preparations ❑ Blood transfusion ❑ Sexual history ❑ Social history **Smoking **Alcohol **Drug abuse ❑ Occupational history

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Do's

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources