|
|
| Line 3: |
Line 3: |
| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}} ; {{MUT}} {{AMA}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}} ; {{MUT}} {{AMA}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| A persistent cough can be debilitating, socially distressing, and adversely impair quality of life(Qol).<ref name="omaretal">{{cite journal | author = Omar S. Usmani, Maria G. Belvisi, Hema J. Patel, Natascia Crispino, Mark A. Birrell, Marta Korbonits, Dezso Korbonits, and Peter J. Barnes | title = Theobromine inhibits sensory nerve activation and cough. | journal = The FASEB Journal | volume = 19 | pages = 231-233 | year = 2005 | url = http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/reprint/19/2/231.pdf | format = pdf | language = english}}</ref> One of the more common presentations to a medical practitioner is a dry cough. The common causes of chronic dry coughing include [[post-nasal drip]], [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[asthma]], [[post viral cough]] and certain [[drug]]s such as [[beta blockers]], [[ACE inhibitors]] and [[aspirin]]. If a cough lasts for more than three weeks, multiple causes are likely and symptoms will abate only when all the causes are treated will the patient be symptom-free. Individuals who [[Smoking|smoke]] often have a [[smoker's cough]], a loud, hacking cough which often results in the expiration of [[phlegm]]. | | A persistent cough can be debilitating, socially distressing, and adversely impair quality of life(Qol). One of the more common presentations to a medical practitioner is a dry cough. The common causes of chronic dry coughing include [[post-nasal drip]], [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[asthma]], [[post viral cough]] and certain [[drug]]s such as [[beta blockers]], [[ACE inhibitors]] and [[aspirin]]. If a cough lasts for more than three weeks, multiple causes are likely and symptoms will abate only when all the causes are treated will the patient be symptom-free. Individuals who [[Smoking|smoke]] often have a [[smoker's cough]], a loud, hacking cough which often results in the expiration of [[phlegm]]. |
|
| |
|
| Coughing may also be used for psychological or social reasons, such as the coughing before giving a speech. This is known as psychogenic, habit or tic coughing, and may increase in frequency in social situations featuring conflict.<ref>{{citation | title = Coughing as an Indicator of Displacement Behaviour | url = http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33337.pdf | author = Arella, A. | year = nd }} (Unpublished thesis)</ref> | | Coughing may also be used for psychological or social reasons, such as the coughing before giving a speech. This is known as psychogenic, habit or tic coughing, and may increase in frequency in social situations featuring conflict. |
| | ==Causes== |
|
| |
|
| ==Causes== | | Given its irritant nature to mammal tissues, [[capsaicin]] is widely used to determine the cough threshold and as a tussive stimulant in clinical research of cough suppressants.<ref name="omaretal">{{cite journal | author = Omar S. Usmani, Maria G. Belvisi, Hema J. Patel, Natascia Crispino, Mark A. Birrell, Marta Korbonits, Dezso Korbonits, and Peter J. Barnes | title = Theobromine inhibits sensory nerve activation and cough. | journal = The FASEB Journal | volume = 19 | pages = 231-233 | year = 2005 | url = http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/reprint/19/2/231.pdf | format = pdf | language = english}}</ref><ref>{{citation | title = Coughing as an Indicator of Displacement Behaviour | url = http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33337.pdf | author = Arella, A. | year = nd }} (Unpublished thesis)</ref> |
|
| |
|
| Given its irritant nature to mammal tissues, [[capsaicin]] is widely used to determine the cough threshold and as a tussive stimulant in clinical research of cough suppressants.
| |
| ===Common Causes=== | | ===Common Causes=== |
| * [[Allergic Rhinitis]] | | * [[Allergic Rhinitis]] |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] ; M.Umer Tariq [3] Abiodun Akanmode,M.D.[4]
Overview
A persistent cough can be debilitating, socially distressing, and adversely impair quality of life(Qol). One of the more common presentations to a medical practitioner is a dry cough. The common causes of chronic dry coughing include post-nasal drip, gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma, post viral cough and certain drugs such as beta blockers, ACE inhibitors and aspirin. If a cough lasts for more than three weeks, multiple causes are likely and symptoms will abate only when all the causes are treated will the patient be symptom-free. Individuals who smoke often have a smoker's cough, a loud, hacking cough which often results in the expiration of phlegm.
Coughing may also be used for psychological or social reasons, such as the coughing before giving a speech. This is known as psychogenic, habit or tic coughing, and may increase in frequency in social situations featuring conflict.
Causes
Given its irritant nature to mammal tissues, capsaicin is widely used to determine the cough threshold and as a tussive stimulant in clinical research of cough suppressants.[1][2]
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Aortic arch anomalies,
Atrial myxoma,
Beriberi Heart Disease,
Congestive Heart Failure,
Hypotension,
Mitral stenosis,
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction,
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome,
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms,
|
| Chemical / poisoning
|
Abrin,
Cadmium poisoning,
Polymer fume fever,
|
| Dermatologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
Abacavir ,
Abatacept ,
ABVD,
ACE inhibitor,
Acetylmorphone,
Acyclovir ,
Adalimumab ,
Adefovir ,
Albuterol ,
Alefacept ,
Alfuzosin ,
Aliskiren ,
Amiodarone ,
Amlodipine and Benazepril ,
Amphotericin B ,
Anagrelide ,
Anastrozole ,
Artemether/lumefantrine,
Atazanavir ,
Aztreonam,
Benazepril,
Bepridil ,
Bevacizumab ,
Bitolterol ,
Bortezomib ,
Brimonidine ,
Budesonide,
Busulfan ,
Captopril,
Carvedilol ,
Cetuximab ,
Cevimeline,
Chlorambucil ,
Ciclesonide,
Cladribine ,
Clobutinol,
Clofarabine ,
Clofedanol,
Co-trimoxazole ,
Conjugated estrogens,
crofelemer,
Cromolyn Sodium ,
Cytarabine ,
Dacarbazine ,
Dactinomycin ,
Darbepoetin Alfa ,Denileukin diftitox,
Desmopressin,
Diborane,
Docetaxel ,
Domiodol,
Dornase alfa,
DTPA,
Efalizumab ,
Efavirenz ,
Eltrombopag,
Emtricitabine ,
Enalapril ,
Enfuvirtide,
Epinastine ,
Eplerenone ,
Epoetin Alfa ,
Eprosartan ,
Erlotinib ,
Estradiol Topical ,
Etanercept ,
Febuxostat,
Fexofenadine ,
Floxuridine ,
Fludarabine Phosphate ,
Flunisolide,
Fluorouracil ,
Fluticasone and Salmeterol ,
Fluvastatin ,
Fosamprenavir ,
Fosinopril ,
Gabapentin ,
Gefitinib ,
Gemcitabine Hydrochloride ,
Glyburide and Metformin ,
Granisetron ,
Histrelin ,
Idelalisib,
Ibandronate ,
Idursulfase,
Ifosfamide ,
Iloprost,
Imipramine,
Insulin Human (rDNA Origin) ,
Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular ,
Isoproterenol ,
Ketorolac,
Lamivudine ,
Lamotrigine ,
Letrozole ,
Levalbuterol,
Linagliptin,
Lisinopril ,
Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide,
Lomustine , Lorcaserin,
Mechlorethamine ,
Melphalan ,
Mercaptopurine ,
Mesalamine ,
Metaproterenol ,
Methotrexate ,
Metoprolol,
Minocycline hydrochloride,
Mitomycin ,
Moexipril ,
Moxifloxacin ,
Mycophenolic acid,
Naltrexone,
Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium,
Natalizumab ,
Nateglinide ,
Nedocromil ,
Nicotine nasal spray ,
Nilutamide ,
Nitrofurantoin ,
Nivolumab,
Olaparib,
Omalizumab,
Omeprazole ,
Oxaliplatin ,
Oxcarbazepine ,
Paclitaxel,
Pamidronate ,
Peginterferon alfa-2a ,
Pemetrexed ,
Penbutolol ,
Pentamidine,
Perindopril,
Pegaspargase ,
Pimecrolimus topical ,
Pirbuterol acetate ,
Plicamycin ,
Pramipexole,
Primaquine ,
Procarbazine ,
Prograf,
Quinapril,
Ramelteon ,
Ramipril,
Ribavirin ,
Risedronate ,
Risperidone ,
Rosiglitazone ,
Rosuvastatin ,
Salmeterol ,
Saquinavir ,
Sevelamer ,
Sirolimus ,
Sodium stibogluconate,
Spironolactone ,
Sulindac ,
Sunitinib,
Tacrolimus,
Tamsulosin ,
Thioguanine ,
Thiotepa ,
Tipranavir ,
Tocainide ,
Topotecan Hydrochloride ,
Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide,
Trandolapril,
Triamcinolone acetonide,
trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum,
Trimetrexate Glucuronate ,
Valganciclovir hydrochloride,
Vinorelbine Tartrate ,
Vorinostat ,
Zanamivir ,
Zidovudine,
Ziprasidone ,
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold),
Adenoid hypertrophy,
Allergic rhinitis,
Atopic rhinitis,
Croup,
Goiter,
Laryngitis,
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease,
Laryngotracheal cleft,
Pharyngitis,
Post-nasal drip,
Strep throat,
Subglottic hemangioma,
Subglottic stenosis,
Tonsillolith,
|
| Endocrine
|
Goiter,
|
| Environmental
|
Caplan's Syndrome,
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD),
Hay fever,
Low humidity,
Occupational exposure of irritants
Passive smoking,
Sick building syndrome,
Silicosis,
Smoking,
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Achalasia,
Esophageal atresia,
Esophageal cancer,
Esophageal dysmotility,
Gastroesophageal reflux disease,
Mallory-Weiss syndrome,
|
| Genetic
|
Cystic fibrosis,
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML),
|
| Hematologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Iatrogenic
|
Chest tube,
Thoracentesis,
Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease,
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Adenoviridae,
Aphthovirus,
Ascaris infection,
Aspergillosis,
Blastomycosis,
Bordetella pertussis,
Byssinosis,
Chickenpox,
Chlamydophila pneumoniae,
Cladosporium,
CMV Pneumonitis,
Coccidioidomycosis,
Community-acquired pneumonia,
Cryptococcosis,
Fasciolosis,
Filariasis,
Gnathostomiasis,
Histoplasmosis,
Human ehrlichiosis,
Infectious mononucleosis,
Influenza,
Lady Windermere syndrome,
Lassa fever,
Legionellosis,
Measles,
Melioidosis,
Miliary tuberculosis,
Mucor stolonifer,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Nocardiosis,
Paprika splitter's lung,
Paracoccidioidomycosis,
Papillomatosis,
Paragonimus Infection,
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia,
Psittacosis,
Q Fever,
Rhinovirus,
Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula,
Schistosomiasis,
Sporotrichosis,
Strep throat,
Thermoactinomyces sacchari,
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris,
Trichinosis,
Tuberculosis,
Tularemia,
Typhoid fever,
Upper respiratory tract infection,
Yersinia Pestis Infection,
|
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho
|
No underlying causes
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional / Metabolic
|
Beriberi Heart Disease,
Cholesterol pneumonia,
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
Bronchogenic cyst,
Pulmonary sequestration,
Esophageal atresia,
Peripartum cardiomyopathy,
|
| Oncologic
|
Cervical mass,
Esophageal cancer,
Kaposi's sarcoma,
Laryngeal cancer,
Lymphangitis carcinomatous,
Mediastinal tumor,
Mesothelioma,
Papillomatosis,
Thymoma,
|
| Opthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose / Toxicity
|
Ganciclovir ,
Nickel carbonyl,
Valganciclovir ,
Salicylate sensitivity,
|
| Psychiatric
|
Psychogenic cough,
|
| Pulmonary
|
Acute bronchitis,
Acute Chest Syndrome,
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis,
Asthma,
Atelectasis,
Atypical pneumonia,
Aspergillosis,
Blastomycosis,
Bronchial stenosis,
Bronchial web,
Bronchiectasis,
Bronchiolitis,
Bronchitis,
Bronchogenic cyst,
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,
Ciliary dyskinesia,
Cystic fibrosis,
Goodpasture's syndrome,
Hamman-Rich syndrome,
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis,
Interstitial pneumonia,
Lady Windermere syndrome,
Lung abscess,
Pleurisy,
Pleuropulmonary blastoma,
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis,
Pulmonary Embolism,
Pulmonary hypertension,
Severe acute respiratory syndrome,
Tracheal stenosis,
Tracheitis,
Tracheoesophageal fistula,
Tracheomalacia,
|
| Renal / Electrolyte
|
Congenital nephrotic syndrome,
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,
|
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy
|
Sarcoidosis,
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
Post cerebrovascular accident,
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
Alcoholism,
Aspirated foreign bodies,
Cerumenosis,
Choking,
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,
Ear foreign body,
Hair in the ear canal,
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Causes of Nonproductive Cough
Productive Cough
References
Template:WH
Template:WS