Cyanosis diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions
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===Diagnostic Criteria=== | ===Diagnostic Criteria=== | ||
The diagnosis of [[ cyanosis]] is made when the following diagnostic criteria are met: | *The diagnosis of [[ cyanosis]] is made when the following diagnostic criteria are met: | ||
:* Transient bluish discoloration of hands and feet in the neonate or [[acrocyanosis]] | :* Transient bluish discoloration of hands and feet in the neonate or [[acrocyanosis]] | ||
:* Response to [[oxygen therapy]] in [[peripheral cyanosis]] | :* Response to [[oxygen therapy]] in [[peripheral cyanosis]] | ||
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*The diagnosis of [central cyanosis ] in the neonate is made when at least one of the following diagnostic criteria are met: | *The diagnosis of [central cyanosis ] in the neonate is made when at least one of the following diagnostic criteria are met: | ||
:*Insufficient pulmonary [[oxygen]] intake such as [[respiratory failure]], [[upper airway obstruction]], [[hypoventilation]] | ::*Insufficient pulmonary [[oxygen]] intake such as [[respiratory failure]], [[upper airway obstruction]], [[hypoventilation]] | ||
:* Insufficient [[pulmonary blood flow]] such as increased [[pulmonary vascular resistance]], [[ congenital heart disease]] | ::* Insufficient [[pulmonary blood flow]] such as increased [[pulmonary vascular resistance]], [[ congenital heart disease]] | ||
:* unusual pattern of [[pulmonary blood flow]] such as [[transposition of great arteries]] (TGA), [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]] (TAPVC), [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] | ::* unusual pattern of [[pulmonary blood flow]] such as [[transposition of great arteries]] (TGA), [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]] (TAPVC), [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] | ||
Revision as of 07:21, 21 October 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Diagnostic Study of Choice
- Echocardiography is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of cyanotic congenital heart diseases.[1]
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of cyanosis is made when the following diagnostic criteria are met:
- Transient bluish discoloration of hands and feet in the neonate or acrocyanosis
- Response to oxygen therapy in peripheral cyanosis
- NO response to oxygen therapy in central cyanosis
- The diagnosis of [central cyanosis ] in the neonate is made when at least one of the following diagnostic criteria are met:
- Insufficient pulmonary oxygen intake such as respiratory failure, upper airway obstruction, hypoventilation
- Insufficient pulmonary blood flow such as increased pulmonary vascular resistance, congenital heart disease
- unusual pattern of pulmonary blood flow such as transposition of great arteries (TGA), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
- The [name of the investigation] should be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1. 2, 3.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient.
- [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
- [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation.
- Investigations:
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
The comparison table for diagnostic studies of choice for [disease name]
| Sensitivity | Specificity | |
|---|---|---|
| Test 1 | ✔ | ...% |
| Test 2 | ...% | ✔ |
✔= The best test based on the feature
Diagnostic results
The following result of deoxyhemoglobin test is confirmatory of cyanosis:[2]
- Result 1
- Result 2
Sequence of Diagnostic Studies
The [name of investigation] should be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.
Diagnostic Criteria
- Here you should describe the details of the diagnostic criteria.
- Always mention the name of the criteria/definition you are about to list (e.g. modified Duke criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis / 3rd universal definition of MI) and cite the primary source of where this criteria/definition is found.
- Although not necessary, it is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.
- Be very clear as to the number of criteria (or threshold) that needs to be met out of the total number of criteria.
- Distinguish criteria based on their nature (e.g. clinical criteria / pathological criteria/ imaging criteria) before discussing them in details.
- To view an example (endocarditis diagnostic criteria), click here
- If relevant, add additional information that might help the reader distinguish various criteria or the evolution of criteria (e.g. original criteria vs. modified criteria).
- You may also add information about the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria, the pre-test probability, and other figures that may help the reader understand how valuable the criteria are clinically.
- [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
- [Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:
- Criteria 1
- Criteria 2
- Criteria 3
IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria:
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
IF there are no established diagnostic criteria:
- There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
References
- ↑ Deeg KH (April 2015). "Echocardiographic differential diagnosis of the cyanotic newborn". Ultraschall Med. 36 (2): 104–18, quiz 119–20. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1385493. PMID 25474186.
- ↑ Martin L, Khalil H (January 1990). "How much reduced hemoglobin is necessary to generate central cyanosis?". Chest. 97 (1): 182–5. PMID 2403895.