Cyanosis surgery

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Recommendation for surgery in cyanotic heart disease

Recommendation for surgery in cyanotic congenital heart disease

Indications for repair of a scimitar vein in Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) (Class I, Level of Evidence B ):

❑ Decreased functional capacity ❑ Right ventricle enlagment ❑ Net left to right shunt or QP/QS > 1.5/1 ❑ Pulmonary artery systolic pressure less than 50% systemic pressure ❑ Pulmonary vascular resistance less than 1/3 of systemic resistance ❑ Repair at the time of closure of a sinus venous defect or ASD Definition: Abnormal connection between pulmonary veins and systemic veins leading to right heart volume overload such as ASD

Indications for surgery in Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connections (TAPVC)(Class 2a, Level of Evidence B) :

❑ Asymptomatic adults with right ventricle volume overload ❑ Large left to right shunt( QP/QS > 1.5/1 ❑Pulmonary artery pressure <50% systemic pressure and pulmonary artery resistance <1/3 systemic resistance ❑ Evidence of Right ventricle volume overload and QP/QS>1.5/1

Indications for surgery repair or reoperation in Ebstein anomaly : (Class I, Level of Evidence B)

❑ Significant tricuspid regurgitation in the presence of the following: ❑ Heart failure symptoms ❑ Decreased functional capacity ❑ Progressive right ventricular dysfunction by echocardiography or cardiac MRI Definition: Malformation of tricuspid valve and right ventricle , atrialization of right ventricle, huge right atrium, accompanied by ASD, VSD, PS

Indications for surgery repair or reoperation in Ebstein anomaly:(Class 2a, Level of Evidence B)

❑ Significant tricuspid regurgitation in the presence of the following: ❑ Progressive right ventricle enlargement ❑ Systenic desaturation due to right to left shunt via [[ASD] ❑ Paradoxical emboli through ASD, VSD ❑ Atrial tachycardia

[[Indication for Glenn anastomousis at the time of repair in Ebstein anomaly : (Class 2b, Level of Evidence B)

❑ Severe right ventricle dilation ❑ Severe right ventricular systolic dysfunctionbr ❑ Normal left ventricle function ❑ Normal left atrium or left ventricle end diastolic pressure Glenn anastomosis: Bidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis which is the connection between superior vena cava and pulmonary artery with bypassing right artium and right ventricle

Intravenous betablockers,diltiazem,verapamil (Class 2b, Level of Evidence B):

❑ Acute termination of orthodromic AVRT with pre-excitation on resting ECG with out response to other treatment ❑ Complication is enhancing conduction over the accessory pathway if the AVRT converts to AF during administration of the medication

Intravenous digoxin,intravenous amiodarone,intravenous or oral beta blockers,diltiazem,verapamil : (Class 3, Harm, Level of Evidence B)

❑ Harmful in acute termination of peexcitated AF due to increased risk of ventricular fibrillation by these mechanisms: ❑ Increased conduction over the accessory pathway and slowing or blocking conduction over AV node ❑ Deceased refractory period of accessory pathway by digoxin ❑ Increased cathecolamin due to drug induced hypotension such as amiodarone, beta blocker, verapamil, diltiazem