Vertigo: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
* Peripheral causes of vertigo includes: | * '''Peripheral''' causes of vertigo includes: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|'''Disease''' || '''Pathophysiology''' || '''Main Feature''' | |'''Disease''' || '''Pathophysiology''' || '''Main Feature''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| [[Perilymphatic fistula]] || Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear || Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss/sensitive hearing | | [[Perilymphatic fistula]] || Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear || Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss/sensitive hearing | ||
|} | |||
* '''Central''' causes of vertigo includes: | |||
|'''Disease''' || '''Pathophysiology''' || '''Main Feature''' | |||
|- | |||
| [[Brainstem Stroke]] || Increased [[endolymph]] volume in [[semicircular canals]] || Recurrent vertigo, aural fullness, hearing loss and [[tinnitus]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[Vestibular Migraine]] || Dislodged [[otoliths]] stimulate vestibular sense organ || Recurrent vertigo, nausea, vomiting, [[torsional]] [[nystagmus]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[Multiple Sclerosis]] || Inflammation of [[labyrinth]]/ [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] || Temporary hearing loss, vertigo, off balance, [[tinnitus]] | |||
|- | |||
| Cerebellar tumors || Inflammation of [[vestibular]] nerve caused by [[viral]] [[infection]] || Vertigo, hearing intact | |||
|- | |||
| Lateral medullary syndrome || Cyst/sac of [[keratin]] debris in middle ear || Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain | |||
|- | |||
| Chiari malformation || Abnormal bone growth in middle ear || Vertigo, [[tinnitus]] and, sensorineural hearing loss | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 04:12, 3 December 2020
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Resident Survival Guide Vertigo in Children |
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Vertigo Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Vertigo On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Vertigo |
For patient information, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]
Synonyms and keywords:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
| Classification of Vertigo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Based on Location of Dysfunction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peripheral | Central | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve | Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meniere’s disease Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo Acute labyrinthitis Acute vestibular neuronitis Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis Perilymphatic fistula Acoustic Neuroma | Brainstem Stroke Vestibular Migraine Multiple Sclerosis Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage Cerebellar tumors lateral medullary syndrome Chiari malformation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pathophysiology
Causes
- Peripheral causes of vertigo includes:
| Disease | Pathophysiology | Main Feature |
| Ménière’s disease | Increased endolymph volume in semicircular canals | Recurrent vertigo, aural fullness, hearing loss and tinnitus |
| Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo | Dislodged otoliths stimulate vestibular sense organ | Recurrent vertigo, nausea, vomiting, torsional nystagmus |
| Acute labyrinthitis | Inflammation of labyrinth/ viral or bacterial | Temporary hearing loss, vertigo, off balance, tinnitus |
| Acute vestibular neuritis | Inflammation of vestibular nerve caused by viral infection | Vertigo, hearing intact |
| Cholesteatoma | Cyst/sac of keratin debris in middle ear | Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain |
| Otosclerosis | Abnormal bone growth in middle ear | Vertigo, tinnitus and, sensorineural hearing loss |
| Perilymphatic fistula | Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear | Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss/sensitive hearing |
- Central causes of vertigo includes:
|Disease || Pathophysiology || Main Feature
|- | Brainstem Stroke || Increased endolymph volume in semicircular canals || Recurrent vertigo, aural fullness, hearing loss and tinnitus |- | Vestibular Migraine || Dislodged otoliths stimulate vestibular sense organ || Recurrent vertigo, nausea, vomiting, torsional nystagmus |- | Multiple Sclerosis || Inflammation of labyrinth/ viral or bacterial || Temporary hearing loss, vertigo, off balance, tinnitus |- | Cerebellar tumors || Inflammation of vestibular nerve caused by viral infection || Vertigo, hearing intact |- | Lateral medullary syndrome || Cyst/sac of keratin debris in middle ear || Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain |- | Chiari malformation || Abnormal bone growth in middle ear || Vertigo, tinnitus and, sensorineural hearing loss
|}
Differentiating Vertigo from other Diseases
- Vertigo must be differentiated from other diseases that cause imbalance, dizziness, and lightheadedness.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Among the patient who presents with dizziness in the primary care setting, fifty-four percent have vertigo upon investigation.[2]
Screening
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
- ↑ Labuguen RH (2006). "Initial evaluation of vertigo". Am Fam Physician. 73 (2): 244–51. PMID 16445269.
- ↑ Kroenke, Kurt (1992). "Causes of Persistent Dizziness". Annals of Internal Medicine. 117 (11): 898. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-11-898. ISSN 0003-4819.