Dementia resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Dementia''' is the progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging, it should be | '''Dementia''' is the progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging, it should be disoriented from delirium which involves an acute onset, and usually is reversible. Dementia may affect several cognitive areas, such as memory, attention, language, and problem-solving. In advanced stages of the condition, affected persons may be disoriented in time, place, and/or in person. The diagnosis of dementia is primarily clinical and ruling-out other conditions by imaging and laboratory tests. It is important to always screen for depression, especially in older people, since this may be the underlying problem. | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
There are no identified life-threatening causes in dementia that may lead to death within 24 hours | There are no identified life-threatening causes in dementia that may lead to death within 24 hours since all conditions are chronic. | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of | Shown below is an [[algorithm]] summarizing the diagnosis of [[amnesia]] according to the the American Academy of Neurology guidelines:<ref name="pmid24459411">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jahn H |title=Memory loss in Alzheimer's disease |journal=Dialogues Clin Neurosci |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=445–54 |date=December 2013 |pmid=24459411 |pmc=3898682 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}} | <br />{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 | | |B01= Progressive decline in cognitive function with chronic onset}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }} | ||
{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | B01= }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 |-| B02 |-| B03 |-| B04 | | |B01= No |B02= Severe [[disimpairment]] in [[social functioning]]? |B03= No |B04= [[Normal aging]]}} | ||
{{familytree | | |,|-| | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }} | ||
{{familytree | | | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 | | |B01= Dementia}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 |-| B02 |-| B03 |-| B04| | |B01= Measure [[vitamin B12]], and [[folate]], and [[TSH]] |B02= Abnormal?|B03= Yes|B04= [[Vitamin deficiency]], [[hypothyroidism]]}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 |-| B02 |-| B03 | | | |B01= Positive for SIGE CAPS questionary?|B02= Yes|B03= [[Depression]]}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 | | |B01= Take [[history]] and perform [[physical examination]]}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|.| | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | |B01| |B02| |B03| | |B04| | | |B05| B01= Initial [[short term memory]] loss | |||
| B02= [[Vascular]] risk factors, imaging evidence | |||
of [[cerebrovascular]] involvement | |||
| B03= Young age, [[behavioral]] symptoms | |||
or language impairment | |||
| B04= [[Bradikinesia]] or features of [[parkinsonism]], | |||
fluctuating [[cognition]], [[visual | |||
hallucinations]] | |||
| B05= [[Dementia]] occuring 1 year after onset | |||
of [[Parkinson disease]] | |||
|| }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | |B01| |B02| |B03| | |B04| | | |B05| | B01= [[Alzheimer disease]] | |||
| B02= [[Vascular dementia]] | |||
| B03= [[Frontotemporal dementia]] | |||
| B04= [[Dementia with Lewy bodies]] | |||
| B05= [[Parkinson disease dementia]]| }} | |||
{{familytree/end}}<br /> | |||
{{familytree/end}} | {{familytree/end}} | ||
Revision as of 13:22, 8 December 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Moises Romo, M.D.
Overview
Dementia is the progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging, it should be disoriented from delirium which involves an acute onset, and usually is reversible. Dementia may affect several cognitive areas, such as memory, attention, language, and problem-solving. In advanced stages of the condition, affected persons may be disoriented in time, place, and/or in person. The diagnosis of dementia is primarily clinical and ruling-out other conditions by imaging and laboratory tests. It is important to always screen for depression, especially in older people, since this may be the underlying problem.
Life Threatening Causes
There are no identified life-threatening causes in dementia that may lead to death within 24 hours since all conditions are chronic.
Common Causes
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Parkinson's Disease
- Binswanger's Disease
- Dementia with Lewy bodies
- Thiamine deficiency
- Vascular dementia
- Marijuana abuse
- AIDS
- Neurosyphilis
- Normal pressure hydrocephalus
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Vitamin B6 deficiency
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of amnesia according to the the American Academy of Neurology guidelines:[1]
| Progressive decline in cognitive function with chronic onset | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No | Severe disimpairment in social functioning? | No | Normal aging | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dementia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Measure vitamin B12, and folate, and TSH | Abnormal? | Yes | Vitamin deficiency, hypothyroidism | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Positive for SIGE CAPS questionary? | Yes | Depression | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Take history and perform physical examination | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial short term memory loss | Vascular risk factors, imaging evidence of cerebrovascular involvement | Young age, behavioral symptoms or language impairment | Bradikinesia or features of parkinsonism,
fluctuating cognition, [[visual hallucinations]] | Dementia occuring 1 year after onset of Parkinson disease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alzheimer disease | Vascular dementia | Frontotemporal dementia | Dementia with Lewy bodies | Parkinson disease dementia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References