Alopecia overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
''' | Alopecia is defined as loss of hair regardless of the cause. It can occur anywhere on the body. The hair cycle consists of three phases: '''anagen phase''', which is the growth phase, '''catagen phase''', which is the resting phase, and '''telogen phase''', which is the shedding phase. This is the phase where hair falls out. <ref name="pmid30520225">{{cite journal| author=Monib KME, Hussein MS, Kandeel WS| title=The relation between androgenetic thin hair diagnosed by trichoscope and benign prostatic hyperplasia. | journal=J Cosmet Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30520225 | doi=10.1111/jocd.12835 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30520225 }} </ref> | ||
Ninety percent of hair are in the anagen phase and the remaining ten percent are in the catagen and telogen phases. <ref name="pmid30520145">{{cite journal| author=Gordon SC, Abudu M, Zancanaro P, Ko JM, Rosmarin D| title=Rebound effect associated with JAK inhibitor use in the treatment of alopecia areata. | journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | year= 2019 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= e156-e157 | pmid=30520145 | doi=10.1111/jdv.15383 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30520145 }} </ref> In the telogen phase, hair is going to recycle, and it starts growing again in the anagen phase. <ref name="pmid30519542">Spaich S, Kinder J, Hetjens S, Fuxius S, Gerhardt A, Sütterlin M (2018) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30519542 Patient Preferences Regarding Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer-A Conjoint Analysis for Common Taxanes.] ''Front Oncol'' 8 ():535. [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00535 DOI:10.3389/fonc.2018.00535] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/30519542 30519542]</ref> | |||
Alopecia can be subdivided into two main categories: scarring and non-scarring. | |||
The most common type is '''non-scarring or androgenetic alopecia'''. The majority of men start to lose hair in the third decade of life, while women begin to lose their hair in the fifth or sixth decade of life. As an individual ages, they will lose hair. Men more often lose hair in the front and the temporal regions of the scalp, while women tend to lose hair from the central area of the scalp. Also, female hair loss rarely results in complete baldness while male hair loss can end up with complete baldness. Males tend to retain hair at the posterior area of the scalp because the hair in this region is more resistant to the effects of androgenic hormones. <ref name="pmid30506608">{{cite journal| author=Li J, Kong XB, Chen XY, Zhong WZ, Chen JY, Liu Y | display-authors=etal| title=Protective role of α2-macroglobulin against jaw osteoradionecrosis in a preclinical rat model. | journal=J Oral Pathol Med | year= 2019 | volume= 48 | issue= 2 | pages= 166-173 | pmid=30506608 | doi=10.1111/jop.12809 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30506608 }} </ref> | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Revision as of 00:48, 12 December 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Alopecia is defined as loss of hair regardless of the cause. It can occur anywhere on the body. The hair cycle consists of three phases: anagen phase, which is the growth phase, catagen phase, which is the resting phase, and telogen phase, which is the shedding phase. This is the phase where hair falls out. [1] Ninety percent of hair are in the anagen phase and the remaining ten percent are in the catagen and telogen phases. [2] In the telogen phase, hair is going to recycle, and it starts growing again in the anagen phase. [3]
Alopecia can be subdivided into two main categories: scarring and non-scarring.
The most common type is non-scarring or androgenetic alopecia. The majority of men start to lose hair in the third decade of life, while women begin to lose their hair in the fifth or sixth decade of life. As an individual ages, they will lose hair. Men more often lose hair in the front and the temporal regions of the scalp, while women tend to lose hair from the central area of the scalp. Also, female hair loss rarely results in complete baldness while male hair loss can end up with complete baldness. Males tend to retain hair at the posterior area of the scalp because the hair in this region is more resistant to the effects of androgenic hormones. [4]
Classification
Alopecia is classified as either scarring or non-scarring.
Causes
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible inflammation of the skin involved.
Treatment
Medical Therapy
In the USA, there are only 2 drug-based treatments that have been approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and one product that has been cleared by the FDA for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, otherwise known as male or female pattern hair loss. The two FDA approved treatments are finasteride (marketed for hair loss as Propecia) and minoxidil.
Surgery
Surgery is another method of reversing hair loss and baldness, although it may be considered an extreme measure. The surgical methods used include hair transplantation, whereby hair-producing follicles are taken from the back and sides of the head and injected into bald or thinning areas.
References
- ↑ Monib KME, Hussein MS, Kandeel WS (2018). "The relation between androgenetic thin hair diagnosed by trichoscope and benign prostatic hyperplasia". J Cosmet Dermatol. doi:10.1111/jocd.12835. PMID 30520225.
- ↑ Gordon SC, Abudu M, Zancanaro P, Ko JM, Rosmarin D (2019). "Rebound effect associated with JAK inhibitor use in the treatment of alopecia areata". J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 33 (4): e156–e157. doi:10.1111/jdv.15383. PMID 30520145.
- ↑ Spaich S, Kinder J, Hetjens S, Fuxius S, Gerhardt A, Sütterlin M (2018) Patient Preferences Regarding Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer-A Conjoint Analysis for Common Taxanes. Front Oncol 8 ():535. DOI:10.3389/fonc.2018.00535 PMID: 30519542
- ↑ Li J, Kong XB, Chen XY, Zhong WZ, Chen JY, Liu Y; et al. (2019). "Protective role of α2-macroglobulin against jaw osteoradionecrosis in a preclinical rat model". J Oral Pathol Med. 48 (2): 166–173. doi:10.1111/jop.12809. PMID 30506608.