Urticaria causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anahita Deylamsalehi, M.D.[2]

Overview

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

Causes

===Life Thre

atening Causes=== Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Common causes of urticaria may include:

• Idiopathic
  • Unknown etiology
• Immunological:

1. Autoimmune IgG autoantibodies to IgE Receptor or IgE on mast cells is the responsible mechanism.
2. IgE/contact: Contact with allergen cross-links specific IgE (SIgE) on mast cells.
3. Immune complex:
   1. Mostly due to infections.
   2. Urticarial vasculitis

• Non-immunological:
  • Physical urticaria: Physical factors trigger histamine release from mast cells
  • Drug treatment:
    • Sensitivity to Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-inhibitors
    • Direct mast cell histamine release
  • Dietary pseudo-allergens: Sensitivity to natural salicylates, colourings, preservatives.
  • Medical conditions:
    • Urticaria pigmentosa: Increased mast cell load
    • Cryopyrin-associated: Mutation in CIAS1 gene
    • Periodic syndrome (CAPS)