Vertigo classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Vertigo is typically classified into one of two categories depending on the location of the damaged vestibular pathway. These are peripheral or central vertigo. Each category has a distinct set of characteristics and associated findings. Vertigo can also occur after long flights or boat journeys where the mind gets used to turbulence, resulting in a person feeling as if they are moving up and down. This usually subsides after a few days.

Classification

Classification of Vertigo

Based on Location of Dysfunction

Time Course/Duration

Peripheral

Central

Lasting a Day or Longer

Lasting Minutes to Hours

Lasting Seconds

Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve

Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum

Ménière’s disease Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo Acute labyrinthitis Acute vestibular neuronitis Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis Perilymphatic fistula Acoustic Neuroma

Brainstem Stroke Vestibular Migraine Multiple Sclerosis Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage Cerebellar tumors Lateral medullary syndrome Chiari malformation

Vestibular neuronitis Vertebrobasilar ischemia with labyrinth infarct Brainstem stroke Inferior cerebellar infarct/bleed

Ménière’s disease Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack (TIA) Migraine Headache Perilymph fistula

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo