Epilepsy resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life-threatening Causes=== | ===Life-threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes of epilepsy include:<ref name="pmid11034867">{{cite journal |vauthors=Annegers JF, Coan SP |title=The risks of epilepsy after traumatic brain injury |journal=Seizure |volume=9 |issue=7 |pages=453–7 |date=October 2000 |pmid=11034867 |doi=10.1053/seiz.2000.0458 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26948360">{{cite journal |vauthors=Englot DJ, Chang EF, Vecht CJ |title=Epilepsy and brain tumors |journal=Handb Clin Neurol |volume=134 |issue= |pages=267–85 |date=2016 |pmid=26948360 |pmc=4803433 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-802997-8.00016-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2761703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Faught E, Peters D, Bartolucci A, Moore L, Miller PC |title=Seizures after primary intracerebral hemorrhage |journal=Neurology |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=1089–93 |date=August 1989 |pmid=2761703 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18754956">{{cite journal |vauthors=Misra UK, Tan CT, Kalita J |title=Viral encephalitis and epilepsy |journal=Epilepsia |volume=49 Suppl 6 |issue= |pages=13–8 |date=August 2008 |pmid=18754956 |doi=10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01751.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7407585">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sloper JJ, Johnson P, Powell TP |title=Selective degeneration of interneurons in the motor cortex of infant monkeys following controlled hypoxia: a possible cause of epilepsy |journal=Brain Res. |volume=198 |issue=1 |pages=204–9 |date=September 1980 |pmid=7407585 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24641717">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chung JM |title=Seizures in the acute stroke setting |journal=Neurol. Res. |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=403–6 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24641717 |doi=10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000352 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Head_trauma Head trauma] | *[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Head_trauma Head trauma] | ||
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*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Hypoxic_encephalopathy Hypoxic encephalopathy] | *[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Hypoxic_encephalopathy Hypoxic encephalopathy] | ||
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Stroke Stroke] === | *[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Stroke Stroke] === | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Common causes of epilepsy may include:<ref name="pmid14755984">{{cite journal |vauthors=Diaconu G, Burlea M, Grigore I, Frasin M |title=[Epilepsy in different types of cerebral palsy] |language=Romanian |journal=Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=136–9 |date=2003 |pmid=14755984 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11754308">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riggs JE |title=Neurologic manifestations of electrolyte disturbances |journal=Neurol Clin |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=227–39, vii |date=February 2002 |pmid=11754308 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14734932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Markand ON |title=Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (childhood epileptic encephalopathy) |journal=J Clin Neurophysiol |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=426–41 |date=2003 |pmid=14734932 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11918463">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shinnar S, Glauser TA |title=Febrile seizures |journal=J. Child Neurol. |volume=17 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S44–52 |date=January 2002 |pmid=11918463 |doi=10.1177/08830738020170010601 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7818246">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cendes F, Andermann F, Carpenter S, Zatorre RJ, Cashman NR |title=Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by domoic acid intoxication: evidence for glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in humans |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=123–6 |date=January 1995 |pmid=7818246 |doi=10.1002/ana.410370125 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1469446">{{cite journal |vauthors=D'Hooge R, Pei YQ, Marescau B, De Deyn PP |title=Convulsive action and toxicity of uremic guanidino compounds: behavioral assessment and relation to brain concentration in adult mice |journal=J. Neurol. Sci. |volume=112 |issue=1-2 |pages=96–105 |date=October 1992 |pmid=1469446 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cerebral_palsy Cerebral palsy] | *[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cerebral_palsy Cerebral palsy] | ||
Revision as of 03:34, 12 January 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: , Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.
Synonyms and keywords:
Overview
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes of epilepsy include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Head trauma
- Brain tumor
- Brain hemorrhage
- Encephalitis
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypoxic encephalopathy
- Stroke ===
Common Causes
Common causes of epilepsy may include:[7][8][9][10][11][12]
- Cerebral palsy
- Electrolyte disturbances
- Epileptic encephalopathy - Lennox-Gastaut type
- Febrile seizures
- Huntington's disease
- Intoxication
- Uremia ===
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of Epilepsy according the the ESC guidelines.
| Clinical presentation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss of conscoiusness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Transient? • Rapid onset? • Short duration? • Spontaneous recovery? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Falls | Altered consciousnes | Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coma | Aborted SCD | Others | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| T-LOC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Traumatic | Traumatic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Syncope | Epileptic seizure | Psychogenic | Rare causes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Reflex syncope • Orthostatic hypotension • Cardiac syncope | • Tonic • Clonic • Tonic-clonic • Atonic | • Pseudo-epileptic • Pseudo-syncopal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ Annegers JF, Coan SP (October 2000). "The risks of epilepsy after traumatic brain injury". Seizure. 9 (7): 453–7. doi:10.1053/seiz.2000.0458. PMID 11034867.
- ↑ Englot DJ, Chang EF, Vecht CJ (2016). "Epilepsy and brain tumors". Handb Clin Neurol. 134: 267–85. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-802997-8.00016-5. PMC 4803433. PMID 26948360.
- ↑ Faught E, Peters D, Bartolucci A, Moore L, Miller PC (August 1989). "Seizures after primary intracerebral hemorrhage". Neurology. 39 (8): 1089–93. PMID 2761703.
- ↑ Misra UK, Tan CT, Kalita J (August 2008). "Viral encephalitis and epilepsy". Epilepsia. 49 Suppl 6: 13–8. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01751.x. PMID 18754956.
- ↑ Sloper JJ, Johnson P, Powell TP (September 1980). "Selective degeneration of interneurons in the motor cortex of infant monkeys following controlled hypoxia: a possible cause of epilepsy". Brain Res. 198 (1): 204–9. PMID 7407585.
- ↑ Chung JM (May 2014). "Seizures in the acute stroke setting". Neurol. Res. 36 (5): 403–6. doi:10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000352. PMID 24641717.
- ↑ Diaconu G, Burlea M, Grigore I, Frasin M (2003). "[Epilepsy in different types of cerebral palsy]". Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi (in Romanian). 107 (1): 136–9. PMID 14755984.
- ↑ Riggs JE (February 2002). "Neurologic manifestations of electrolyte disturbances". Neurol Clin. 20 (1): 227–39, vii. PMID 11754308.
- ↑ Markand ON (2003). "Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (childhood epileptic encephalopathy)". J Clin Neurophysiol. 20 (6): 426–41. PMID 14734932.
- ↑ Shinnar S, Glauser TA (January 2002). "Febrile seizures". J. Child Neurol. 17 Suppl 1: S44–52. doi:10.1177/08830738020170010601. PMID 11918463.
- ↑ Cendes F, Andermann F, Carpenter S, Zatorre RJ, Cashman NR (January 1995). "Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by domoic acid intoxication: evidence for glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in humans". Ann. Neurol. 37 (1): 123–6. doi:10.1002/ana.410370125. PMID 7818246.
- ↑ D'Hooge R, Pei YQ, Marescau B, De Deyn PP (October 1992). "Convulsive action and toxicity of uremic guanidino compounds: behavioral assessment and relation to brain concentration in adult mice". J. Neurol. Sci. 112 (1–2): 96–105. PMID 1469446.