Sandbox:remotework

Bruxism

Bruxism is defined as repeated involuntary grinding and clenching of teeth which can occur either diurnal or nocturnally.

Historical Perspective

• In 1907 Marie Pielkiewics coined a french term 'La Bruxomanie" for bruxism. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21886404/)
• In 1931, Frohman first coined the term english term bruxism.

Classification

Bruxism can be classified into awake bruxism and sleep bruxism based on the physiological sleep status of the individual.

Awake Bruxism/Diurnal Bruxism	Sleep Bruxism/Nocturnal Bruxism
Day Time /Awake	Sleep
Semi-Voluntary	Sterotyped
Clenching predominant	Teeth grinding

Definitions
American Academy of Orofacial Pain (2008)	Diurnal or nocturnal parafunctional activity including clenching, bracing, gnashing, and grinding of the teeth. I
The Academy of Prosthodontics (2005)	1. The parafunctional grinding of teeth. 2. An oral habit consisting of involuntary rhythmic or spasmodic non-functional gnashing, grinding or clenching of teeth, in other than chewing movements of the mandible, which may lead to occlusal trauma – called also tooth grinding, occlusal neurosis
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (2005)	Sleep-related bruxism is an oral activity characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep, usually associated with sleep arousals.