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==Differentiating Nephrolithiasis from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Nephrolithiasis from other Diseases==
Nephrolithiasis should be differentiated from other conditions presenting with [[Flank pain|acute flank]] or [[upper abdominal pain]], [[hematuria]], [[nausea and vomiting]]. The differentials include the following:<ref name="pmid18486720">{{cite journal |vauthors=Worcester EM, Coe FL |title=Nephrolithiasis |journal=Prim. Care |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=369–91, vii |date=June 2008 |pmid=18486720 |pmc=2518455 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21789078">{{cite journal |vauthors=Semins MJ, Matlaga BR |title=Medical evaluation and management of urolithiasis |journal=Ther Adv Urol |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=3–9 |date=February 2010 |pmid=21789078 |pmc=3126068 |doi=10.1177/1756287210369121 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28764263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Venkatesh L, Hanumegowda RK |title=Acute Pyelonephritis - Correlation of Clinical Parameter with Radiological Imaging Abnormalities |journal=J Clin Diagn Res |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=TC15–TC18 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28764263 |pmc=5535453 |doi=10.7860/JCDR/2017/27247.10033 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17375337">{{cite journal |vauthors=Garin EH, Olavarria F, Araya C, Broussain M, Barrera C, Young L |title=Diagnostic significance of clinical and laboratory findings to localize site of urinary infection |journal=Pediatr. Nephrol. |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=1002–6 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17375337 |doi=10.1007/s00467-007-0465-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19399273">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee DG, Jeon SH, Lee CH, Lee SJ, Kim JI, Chang SG |title=Acute pyelonephritis: clinical characteristics and the role of the surgical treatment |journal=J. Korean Med. Sci. |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=296–301 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19399273 |pmc=2672131 |doi=10.3346/jkms.2009.24.2.296 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22969301">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saeed K |title=Renal infarction |journal=Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis |volume=5 |issue= |pages=119–23 |date=2012 |pmid=22969301 |pmc=3437809 |doi=10.2147/IJNRD.S33768 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24812524">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahamid M, Francis A, Abid A, Awawde M, Abu-Elhija O |title=Embolic renal infarction mimicking renal colic |journal=Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis |volume=7 |issue= |pages=157–9 |date=2014 |pmid=24812524 |pmc=4011809 |doi=10.2147/IJNRD.S59745 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12389340">{{cite journal |vauthors=Korzets Z, Plotkin E, Bernheim J, Zissin R |title=The clinical spectrum of acute renal infarction |journal=Isr. Med. Assoc. J. |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=781–4 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12389340 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12512867">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix AE |title=Renal papillary necrosis |journal=Toxicol Pathol |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=672–4 |date=2002 |pmid=12512867 |doi=10.1080/01926230290166760 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7038374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eknoyan G, Qunibi WY, Grissom RT, Tuma SN, Ayus JC |title=Renal papillary necrosis: an update |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=55–73 |date=March 1982 |pmid=7038374 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18806169">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ng CS, Wood CG, Silverman PM, Tannir NM, Tamboli P, Sandler CM |title=Renal cell carcinoma: diagnosis, staging, and surveillance |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=191 |issue=4 |pages=1220–32 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18806169 |doi=10.2214/AJR.07.3568 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15536955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ares Valdés Y, Amador Sandoval B, Morales JC, Alonso Domínguez F, Carballo Velásquez L, Fragas Valdés R, Shou Rodríguez A |title=[The role of CT scan in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Arch. Esp. Urol. |volume=57 |issue=7 |pages=737–42 |date=September 2004 |pmid=15536955 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20479778">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leveridge MJ, Bostrom PJ, Koulouris G, Finelli A, Lawrentschuk N |title=Imaging renal cell carcinoma with ultrasonography, CT and MRI |journal=Nat Rev Urol |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=311–25 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20479778 |doi=10.1038/nrurol.2010.63 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23596502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tritschler S, Roosen A, Füllhase C, Stief CG, Rübben H |title=Urethral stricture: etiology, investigation and treatments |journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int |volume=110 |issue=13 |pages=220–6 |date=March 2013 |pmid=23596502 |pmc=3627163 |doi=10.3238/arztebl.2013.0220 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21176068">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mundy AR, Andrich DE |title=Urethral strictures |journal=BJU Int. |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=6–26 |date=January 2011 |pmid=21176068 |doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09800.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26816803">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maciejewski C, Rourke K |title=Imaging of urethral stricture disease |journal=Transl Androl Urol |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=2–9 |date=February 2015 |pmid=26816803 |pmc=4708283 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.02.03 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20664404">{{cite journal |vauthors=Soper DE |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=116 |issue=2 Pt 1 |pages=419–28 |date=August 2010 |pmid=20664404 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181e92c54 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9891675">{{cite journal |vauthors=Paavonen J |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease. From diagnosis to prevention |journal=Dermatol Clin |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=747–56, xii |date=October 1998 |pmid=9891675 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24802548">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee MH, Moon MH, Sung CK, Woo H, Oh S |title=CT findings of acute pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Abdom Imaging |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=1350–5 |date=December 2014 |pmid=24802548 |doi=10.1007/s00261-014-0158-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17054801">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eggert J, Sundquist K, van Vuuren C, Fianu-Jonasson A |title=The clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease--reuse of electronic medical record data from 189 patients visiting a Swedish university hospital emergency department |journal=BMC Womens Health |volume=6 |issue= |pages=16 |date=October 2006 |pmid=17054801 |pmc=1624808 |doi=10.1186/1472-6874-6-16 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24294125">{{cite journal |vauthors=Washington C, Carmichael JC |title=Management of ischemic colitis |journal=Clin Colon Rectal Surg |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=228–35 |date=December 2012 |pmid=24294125 |pmc=3577613 |doi=10.1055/s-0032-1329534 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25941431">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chawla YK, Bodh V |title=Portal vein thrombosis |journal=J Clin Exp Hepatol |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=22–40 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25941431 |pmc=4415192 |doi=10.1016/j.jceh.2014.12.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlImaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms - - American Family Physician">{{cite web |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0415/p1565.html |title=Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms - - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21523201">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aggarwal S, Qamar A, Sharma V, Sharma A |title=Abdominal aortic aneurysm: A comprehensive review |journal=Exp Clin Cardiol |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=11–5 |date=2011 |pmid=21523201 |pmc=3076160 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20676257">{{cite journal |vauthors=Destigter KK, Keating DP |title=Imaging update: acute colonic diverticulitis |journal=Clin Colon Rectal Surg |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=147–55 |date=August 2009 |pmid=20676257 |pmc=2780264 |doi=10.1055/s-0029-1236158 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24888393">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hameed AM, Lam VW, Pleass HC |title=Significant elevations of serum lipase not caused by pancreatitis: a systematic review |journal=HPB (Oxford) |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=99–112 |date=February 2015 |pmid=24888393 |pmc=4299384 |doi=10.1111/hpb.12277 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlImaging for Suspected Appendicitis - - American Family Physician">{{cite web |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0101/p71.html |title=Imaging for Suspected Appendicitis - - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlCT Findings of Acute Cholecystitis and Its Complications : American Journal of Roentgenology : Vol. 194, No. 6 (AJR)">{{cite web |url=https://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.09.3640 |title=CT Findings of Acute Cholecystitis and Its Complications : American Journal of Roentgenology : Vol. 194, No. 6 (AJR) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlEpididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview - - American Family Physician">{{cite web |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0401/p583.html |title=Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview - - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26526901">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jia JB, Houshyar R, Verma S, Uchio E, Lall C |title=Prostate cancer on computed tomography: A direct comparison with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging and tissue pathology |journal=Eur J Radiol |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=261–267 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26526901 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.10.013 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25393274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bratt O, Lilja H |title=Serum markers in prostate cancer detection |journal=Curr Opin Urol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=59–64 |date=January 2015 |pmid=25393274 |pmc=4315142 |doi=10.1097/MOU.0000000000000128 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlProstate Cancer (Prostate Carcinoma): Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024422/ |title=Prostate Cancer (Prostate Carcinoma): Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25675798">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eskicioğlu F, Özdemir AT, Turan GA, Gür EB, Kasap E, Genç M |title=The efficacy of complete blood count parameters in the diagnosis of tubal ectopic pregnancy |journal=Ginekol. Pol. |volume=85 |issue=11 |pages=823–7 |date=November 2014 |pmid=25675798 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21727242">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sivalingam VN, Duncan WC, Kirk E, Shephard LA, Horne AW |title=Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy |journal=J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=231–40 |date=October 2011 |pmid=21727242 |pmc=3213855 |doi=10.1136/jfprhc-2011-0073 |url=}}</ref>
Nephrolithiasis should be differentiated from other conditions presenting with [[Flank pain|acute flank]] or [[upper abdominal pain]], [[hematuria]], [[nausea and vomiting]]. The differentials include the following:<ref name="pmid18486720">{{cite journal |vauthors=Worcester EM, Coe FL |title=Nephrolithiasis |journal=Prim. Care |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=369–91, vii |date=June 2008 |pmid=18486720 |pmc=2518455 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21789078">{{cite journal |vauthors=Semins MJ, Matlaga BR |title=Medical evaluation and management of urolithiasis |journal=Ther Adv Urol |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=3–9 |date=February 2010 |pmid=21789078 |pmc=3126068 |doi=10.1177/1756287210369121 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28764263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Venkatesh L, Hanumegowda RK |title=Acute Pyelonephritis - Correlation of Clinical Parameter with Radiological Imaging Abnormalities |journal=J Clin Diagn Res |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=TC15–TC18 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28764263 |pmc=5535453 |doi=10.7860/JCDR/2017/27247.10033 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17375337">{{cite journal |vauthors=Garin EH, Olavarria F, Araya C, Broussain M, Barrera C, Young L |title=Diagnostic significance of clinical and laboratory findings to localize site of urinary infection |journal=Pediatr. Nephrol. |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=1002–6 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17375337 |doi=10.1007/s00467-007-0465-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19399273">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee DG, Jeon SH, Lee CH, Lee SJ, Kim JI, Chang SG |title=Acute pyelonephritis: clinical characteristics and the role of the surgical treatment |journal=J. Korean Med. Sci. |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=296–301 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19399273 |pmc=2672131 |doi=10.3346/jkms.2009.24.2.296 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22969301">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saeed K |title=Renal infarction |journal=Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis |volume=5 |issue= |pages=119–23 |date=2012 |pmid=22969301 |pmc=3437809 |doi=10.2147/IJNRD.S33768 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24812524">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahamid M, Francis A, Abid A, Awawde M, Abu-Elhija O |title=Embolic renal infarction mimicking renal colic |journal=Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis |volume=7 |issue= |pages=157–9 |date=2014 |pmid=24812524 |pmc=4011809 |doi=10.2147/IJNRD.S59745 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12389340">{{cite journal |vauthors=Korzets Z, Plotkin E, Bernheim J, Zissin R |title=The clinical spectrum of acute renal infarction |journal=Isr. Med. Assoc. J. |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=781–4 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12389340 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12512867">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix AE |title=Renal papillary necrosis |journal=Toxicol Pathol |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=672–4 |date=2002 |pmid=12512867 |doi=10.1080/01926230290166760 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7038374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eknoyan G, Qunibi WY, Grissom RT, Tuma SN, Ayus JC |title=Renal papillary necrosis: an update |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=55–73 |date=March 1982 |pmid=7038374 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18806169">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ng CS, Wood CG, Silverman PM, Tannir NM, Tamboli P, Sandler CM |title=Renal cell carcinoma: diagnosis, staging, and surveillance |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=191 |issue=4 |pages=1220–32 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18806169 |doi=10.2214/AJR.07.3568 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15536955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ares Valdés Y, Amador Sandoval B, Morales JC, Alonso Domínguez F, Carballo Velásquez L, Fragas Valdés R, Shou Rodríguez A |title=[The role of CT scan in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Arch. Esp. Urol. |volume=57 |issue=7 |pages=737–42 |date=September 2004 |pmid=15536955 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20479778">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leveridge MJ, Bostrom PJ, Koulouris G, Finelli A, Lawrentschuk N |title=Imaging renal cell carcinoma with ultrasonography, CT and MRI |journal=Nat Rev Urol |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=311–25 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20479778 |doi=10.1038/nrurol.2010.63 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25393274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bratt O, Lilja H |title=Serum markers in prostate cancer detection |journal=Curr Opin Urol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=59–64 |date=January 2015 |pmid=25393274 |pmc=4315142 |doi=10.1097/MOU.0000000000000128 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlProstate Cancer (Prostate Carcinoma): Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024422/ |title=Prostate Cancer (Prostate Carcinoma): Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
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! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Category

Revision as of 16:26, 21 January 2021

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Prostate cancer must be differentiated from benign prostatic hypertrophy, renal cancer, renal stones, bladder cancer, and cystitis.

Differential diagnosis

Prostate cancer must be differentiated from:


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [4] Amandeep Singh M.D.[5]

Overview

Nephrolithiasis should be differentiated from other conditions presenting with acute flank or upper abdominal pain, hematuria, nausea and vomiting.

Differentiating Nephrolithiasis from other Diseases

Nephrolithiasis should be differentiated from other conditions presenting with acute flank or upper abdominal pain, hematuria, nausea and vomiting. The differentials include the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

Category Disease Risk factors Symptoms Signs Paraclinical studies
Pain N/V Anorexia Constipation Urinary symptoms Fever HR BP Tenderness Abdominopelvic exam Rectal exam CBC Urinalysis BUN Cr Urine Beta−hCG LFT Serum amylase & lipase CT
Renal Pathology Nephrolithiasis + ± − + − ↑ Nl − Nl Nl Nl Nl Nl − Nl Nl
  • Radiolucent stone
Pyelonephritis + ± − + + ↑ ↓
  • Positive renal punch sign
  • Costovertebral angle tenderness
 Nl Nl Nl Might be + Nl Nl
  • Decreased contrast uptake
  • Foci from abscess pockets
Prostate pathology Prostatitis − − − + + + Nl − Nl − − − Nl Nl
Prostatic cancer − − + − + − − Nl − Nl Nl Nl Nl − Nl Nl

References

  1. ↑ Worcester EM, Coe FL (June 2008). "Nephrolithiasis". Prim. Care. 35 (2): 369–91, vii. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.005. PMC 2518455. PMID 18486720.
  2. ↑ Semins MJ, Matlaga BR (February 2010). "Medical evaluation and management of urolithiasis". Ther Adv Urol. 2 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1177/1756287210369121. PMC 3126068. PMID 21789078.
  3. ↑ Venkatesh L, Hanumegowda RK (June 2017). "Acute Pyelonephritis - Correlation of Clinical Parameter with Radiological Imaging Abnormalities". J Clin Diagn Res. 11 (6): TC15–TC18. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/27247.10033. PMC 5535453. PMID 28764263.
  4. ↑ Garin EH, Olavarria F, Araya C, Broussain M, Barrera C, Young L (July 2007). "Diagnostic significance of clinical and laboratory findings to localize site of urinary infection". Pediatr. Nephrol. 22 (7): 1002–6. doi:10.1007/s00467-007-0465-7. PMID 17375337.
  5. ↑ Lee DG, Jeon SH, Lee CH, Lee SJ, Kim JI, Chang SG (April 2009). "Acute pyelonephritis: clinical characteristics and the role of the surgical treatment". J. Korean Med. Sci. 24 (2): 296–301. doi:10.3346/jkms.2009.24.2.296. PMC 2672131. PMID 19399273.
  6. ↑ Saeed K (2012). "Renal infarction". Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 5: 119–23. doi:10.2147/IJNRD.S33768. PMC 3437809. PMID 22969301.
  7. ↑ Mahamid M, Francis A, Abid A, Awawde M, Abu-Elhija O (2014). "Embolic renal infarction mimicking renal colic". Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 7: 157–9. doi:10.2147/IJNRD.S59745. PMC 4011809. PMID 24812524.
  8. ↑ Korzets Z, Plotkin E, Bernheim J, Zissin R (October 2002). "The clinical spectrum of acute renal infarction". Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 4 (10): 781–4. PMID 12389340.
  9. ↑ Brix AE (2002). "Renal papillary necrosis". Toxicol Pathol. 30 (6): 672–4. doi:10.1080/01926230290166760. PMID 12512867.
  10. ↑ Eknoyan G, Qunibi WY, Grissom RT, Tuma SN, Ayus JC (March 1982). "Renal papillary necrosis: an update". Medicine (Baltimore). 61 (2): 55–73. PMID 7038374.
  11. ↑ Ng CS, Wood CG, Silverman PM, Tannir NM, Tamboli P, Sandler CM (October 2008). "Renal cell carcinoma: diagnosis, staging, and surveillance". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191 (4): 1220–32. doi:10.2214/AJR.07.3568. PMID 18806169.
  12. ↑ Ares Valdés Y, Amador Sandoval B, Morales JC, Alonso Domínguez F, Carballo Velásquez L, Fragas Valdés R, Shou Rodríguez A (September 2004). "[The role of CT scan in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma]". Arch. Esp. Urol. (in Spanish; Castilian). 57 (7): 737–42. PMID 15536955.
  13. ↑ Leveridge MJ, Bostrom PJ, Koulouris G, Finelli A, Lawrentschuk N (June 2010). "Imaging renal cell carcinoma with ultrasonography, CT and MRI". Nat Rev Urol. 7 (6): 311–25. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2010.63. PMID 20479778.
  14. ↑ Bratt O, Lilja H (January 2015). "Serum markers in prostate cancer detection". Curr Opin Urol. 25 (1): 59–64. doi:10.1097/MOU.0000000000000128. PMC 4315142. PMID 25393274.
  15. ↑ "Prostate Cancer (Prostate Carcinoma): Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health".


References

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