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{{Back pain}} | {{Back pain}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ZMalik}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ZMalik}} {{Fs}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
On the basis of origin, [[back]] [[pain]] can be broadly classified into three categories: [[axial]], [[referred]], and radicular. | On the basis of origin, [[back]] [[pain]] can be broadly classified into three categories: [[axial]], [[referred]], and radicular. | ||
Revision as of 14:49, 1 April 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2] Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.
Overview
On the basis of origin, back pain can be broadly classified into three categories: axial, referred, and radicular.
Classification
Back pain can be classified into three broad categories on the basis of its origin:[1]
- Axial Pain: Mechanical pain limited to one region. Could be sharp, dull, intermittent, throbbing, constant.
- Referred Pain: Dull/achy pain that moves around and varies in intensity.
- Radicular pain: Follows a spinal nerve pathway, mostly described as sensation of numbness, tingling, weakness.
Back pain may be classified according to etiology into 2 groups:[2][3][4][5][6]
- Mechanical
- Cauda equina syndrome
- Vertebral compression fracture
- Radiculopathy
- Spinal stenosis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Osteoarthritis
- Scoliosis and hyperkyphosis
- Piriformis syndrome
- Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
- Lumbar strain
- Herniated disk
- Non-mechanical
- Multiple myeloma
- Retroperitoneal tumors
- Psoriatic spondylitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Endometriosis
- Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
- Pancreatitis
- Cholecystitis
- Nephrolithiasis
- Pyelonephritis
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Herpes zoster
- Psychologic distress
- Metastatic cancer
- Spinal epidural abscess
- Vertebral osteomyelitis
References
- ↑ Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V; et al. (2019). "Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment". Curr Pain Headache Rep. 23 (3): 23. doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1. PMID 30854609.
- ↑ Sun JC, Xu T, Chen KF, Qian W, Liu K, Shi JG, Yuan W, Jia LS (April 2014). "Assessment of cauda equina syndrome progression pattern to improve diagnosis". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39 (7): 596–602. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000079. PMID 24150427.
- ↑ Deyo RA, Diehl AK (1988). "Cancer as a cause of back pain: frequency, clinical presentation, and diagnostic strategies". J Gen Intern Med. 3 (3): 230–8. doi:10.1007/BF02596337. PMID 2967893.
- ↑ "Acute low back problems in adults: assessment and treatment. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research". Clin Pract Guidel Quick Ref Guide Clin (14): iii–iv, 1–25. December 1994. PMID 7987418.
- ↑ Underwood MR, Dawes P (November 1995). "Inflammatory back pain in primary care". Br J Rheumatol. 34 (11): 1074–7. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/34.11.1074. PMID 8542211.
- ↑ Szadek KM, van der Wurff P, van Tulder MW, Zuurmond WW, Perez RS (April 2009). "Diagnostic validity of criteria for sacroiliac joint pain: a systematic review". J Pain. 10 (4): 354–68. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.09.014. PMID 19101212.