Back pain pathophysiology

Back pain Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Pathophysiology

Physiology

The normal physiology of [name of process] can be understood as follows:

Pathogenesis

• The exact pathogenesis of back pain depends on the underlying cause.
• Back pain can be broadly classified into inflammatory, mechanical, degenerative, oncologic and infectious.

Type of back pain	Pathophysiology
Inflammatory	Inflammation of joints (sacroiliitis), inflammation of enthesis (attachment point for ligaments, capsule, tendons)
Mechanical	Traume, muscle sprain, extra weight on muscles (pregnancy, heavy lifting),
Oncologic	Central (inferior olive)
Degenerative	Central and cerebellar (olivocerebellar circuits)
Infectious	Central (basal ganglia)

Genetics

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.

OR

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:

• [Gene1]
• [Gene2]
• [Gene3]

OR

The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

• [Mutation 1]
• [Mutation 2]
• [Mutation 3]

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

• [Condition 1]
• [Condition 2]
• [Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].