Lymphadenopathy natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
The natural course of [[lymphadenopathy]] depends on the underlying cause. [[Lymphadenopathy]] due to infectious causes subsides once the infection is controlled. | The natural course of [[lymphadenopathy]] depends on the underlying cause. [[Lymphadenopathy]] due to infectious causes subsides once the infection is controlled. | ||
*Patients with [[lymphadenopathy]] may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on the etiology.<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |year=2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Patients with [[lymphadenopathy]] may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on the etiology.<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |year=2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Early clinical features include palpable [[tenderness]], pain, and [[fever]].<ref name="pmid27929264">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gaddey HL, Riegel AM |title=Unexplained Lymphadenopathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=94 |issue=11 |pages=896–903 |date=December 2016 |pmid=27929264 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Early clinical features include palpable [[tenderness]], pain, and [[fever]].<ref name="pmid27929264">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gaddey HL, Riegel AM |title=Unexplained Lymphadenopathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=94 |issue=11 |pages=896–903 |date=December 2016 |pmid=27929264 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
* | *[[Mediastinal]] [[lymphadenopathy]] causes pressure symptoms like:<ref name="pmid30020622">{{cite journal |vauthors=Freeman AM, Matto P |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30020622 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Superior vena cava syndrome]] | |||
* [[Superior vena cava syndrome]] | |||
**[[Tracheal]] and [[bronchial]] obstruction | **[[Tracheal]] and [[bronchial]] obstruction | ||
** [[Dysphagia]] | **[[Dysphagia]] | ||
** [[Hemoptysis]] | **[[Hemoptysis]] | ||
* [[Uric acid | *[[Uric acid nephropathy]] | ||
* [[Hyperkalemia]] | *[[Hyperkalemia]] | ||
* [[Hypercalcemia]] | *[[Hypercalcemia]] | ||
* [[Hypocalcemia]] | *[[Hypocalcemia]] | ||
* [[Hyperphosphatemia]] | *[[Hyperphosphatemia]] | ||
* [[Renal failure]] | *[[Renal failure]] | ||
*[[Abdominal]] [[lymphadenopathy]] can cause<ref name="pmid22673714">{{cite journal |vauthors=Patel N, Ondhia C, Ahmed S |title=Bowel obstruction caused by intestinal tuberculosis: an update |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2011 |issue= |pages= |date=November 2011 |pmid=22673714 |pmc=3207751 |doi=10.1136/bcr.06.2011.4361 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[Intestinal obstruction]] | **[[Abdominal pain]] | ||
**[[Intestinal obstruction]] | |||
* [[Abscess]] formation | *Superficial lymphadenopathy can cause | ||
* [[Cellulitis]] | **[[Abscess]] formation | ||
* [[Fistulas]] (seen in [[lymphadenitis]] that is due to [[tuberculosis]]) | **[[Cellulitis]] (a skin infection) | ||
* [[Sepsis]] | **[[Fistulas]] (seen in [[lymphadenitis]] that is due to [[tuberculosis]]) | ||
**[[Sepsis]] (bloodstream infection) | |||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]Delband Yekta Moazami, M.D.[3]
Overview
The natural course of lymphadenopathy depends on the underlying cause. Lymphadenopathy due to infectious causes subsides once the infection is controlled. Common complications of lymphadenopathy depend on the site of involvement, e.g. mediastinal lymphadenopathy include compression symptoms likeTracheal and bronchial obstruction and Dysphagia in Superior vena cava syndrome. Prognosis is generally excellent for infectious causes. Prompt treatment with antibiotics usually leads to a complete recovery. However, it may take weeks, or even months, for swelling to disappear. The amount of time to recovery depends on the cause. Prognosis is poor for malignant tumors.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
The natural course of lymphadenopathy depends on the underlying cause. Lymphadenopathy due to infectious causes subsides once the infection is controlled.
- Patients with lymphadenopathy may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on the etiology.[1]
- Early clinical features include palpable tenderness, pain, and fever.[2]
Complications
- Mediastinal lymphadenopathy causes pressure symptoms like:[3]
- Superior vena cava syndrome
- Tracheal and bronchial obstruction
- Dysphagia
- Hemoptysis
- Uric acid nephropathy
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Renal failure
- Abdominal lymphadenopathy can cause[4]
- Superficial lymphadenopathy can cause
- Abscess formation
- Cellulitis (a skin infection)
- Fistulas (seen in lymphadenitis that is due to tuberculosis)
- Sepsis (bloodstream infection)
Prognosis
Prompt treatment with antibiotics usually leads to a complete recovery. However, it may take weeks, or even months, for swelling to disappear. The amount of time to recovery depends on the cause. Prognosis is poor for malignant tumors.
References
- ↑ Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A (2014). "Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools". Iran J Med Sci. 39 (2 Suppl): 158–70. PMC 3993046. PMID 24753638.
- ↑ Gaddey HL, Riegel AM (December 2016). "Unexplained Lymphadenopathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis". Am Fam Physician. 94 (11): 896–903. PMID 27929264.
- ↑ Freeman AM, Matto P. PMID 30020622. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Patel N, Ondhia C, Ahmed S (November 2011). "Bowel obstruction caused by intestinal tuberculosis: an update". BMJ Case Rep. 2011. doi:10.1136/bcr.06.2011.4361. PMC 3207751. PMID 22673714.