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| ==[[Major depressive disorder overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Major depressive disorder overview|Overview]]== |
| ==Overview==
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| [[Major depressive disorder]] a [[psychiatric disorder]] characterized by a pervasive low [[mood]], loss of interest in usual activities, and a diminished ability to experience pleasure ([[anhedonia]]).
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| Although the term "depression" is commonly used to describe a temporary [[depression (mood)|depressed mood]] (i.e., "feeling blue"), [[major depressive disorder]] is a serious and often disabling condition that can significantly affect a person's work, family, and school life; sleeping and eating habits; general health; and ability to enjoy life.<ref name="NIMHPub">{{cite web
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| | last = Mayo Clinic Staff
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| | title = Depression
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| | publisher = [[National Institute of Mental Health]] (NIMH)
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| |date=2006-03-06
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| | url = http://www.mesoarch.org/files/nimhdepression.pdf
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| | accessdate = 2007-10-20 }}</ref> The course of major depressive disorder varies widely: depression can be a once-in-a-lifetime event or have multiple recurrences, it can appear either gradually or suddenly, and it can either last for a few months or be a life-long disorder. [[Major depressive disorder]] is a major risk factor for [[suicide]]. In addition, people with depression suffer from higher [[mortality]] from other causes.<ref name="pmid17640152">{{cite journal |author=Rush AJ |title=The varied clinical presentations of major depressive disorder |journal=The Journal of clinical psychiatry |volume=68 Suppl 8 |issue= |pages=4–10 |year=2007 |pmid=17640152 |doi=}}</ref>
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| When specific treatment is indicated, it usually consists of [[psychotherapy]] and [[antidepressant]]s.
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| The impact of depression on the quality of an individual's life is more than that of having a recent [[myocardial infarction]] but less than the of having [[heart failure]].<ref name="pmid7811158">{{cite journal| author=Hays RD, Wells KB, Sherbourne CD, Rogers W, Spritzer K| title=Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses. | journal=Arch Gen Psychiatry | year= 1995 | volume= 52 | issue= 1 | pages= 11-9 | pmid=7811158 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7811158 }} </ref>.
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| ===History and Symptoms===
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| Before a diagnosis of depression can be made, a [[physician]] should perform a complete medical exam to rule out any possible physical cause for the suspected depression. If no such cause is found, a psychological evaluation should be done by the physician or by referral to a [[psychiatrist]]or [[psychologist]]. The evaluation will include a complete history of symptoms, a discussion of alcohol and drug use, and whether the patient has had or is having suicidal thoughts or thinking about [[death]]. The evaluation will also include a family medical history to see if other family members suffer from any form of depression or similar mood disorder.
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| ==Treatment==
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| ===Medical Therapy===
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| The treatment of depression is highly individualized to the patient, based on the patient's unique combination of biological, psychological and social health factors and the severity of their condition.<ref name="MayoGuide">{{cite web
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| | last = Mayo Clinic Staff
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| | title = Depression Treatment Guide
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| | publisher = Mayo Clinic
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| |date=2006-03-06
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| | url = http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/depression-treatment/DO99999
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| | accessdate = 2007-10-20 }}</ref> The three most conventional treatments for depression include medication, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. New treatments and less conventional options are also available, including self help, life style changes, and vagus nerve stimulation.<ref name="MayoGuide" /> If there is an imminent threat of [[suicide]] or the patient is a danger to others, hospitalization is employed as an intervention method to keep at-risk individuals safe until they cease to be a danger to themselves or others. At-risk individuals may also be placed in a [[partial hospitalization]] therapy, in which the patient sleeps at home but spends most of the day in a psychiatric hospital setting. This intensive treatment usually involves [[group therapy]], [[psychotherapy|individual therapy]], [[psychopharmacology|medication management]], and is used often in the case of children and adolescents.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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|
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Psychiatry]]
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|
| |
| ==Overview==
| |
| [[Major depressive disorder]] a [[psychiatric disorder]] characterized by a pervasive low [[mood]], loss of interest in usual activities, and a diminished ability to experience pleasure ([[anhedonia]]).
| |
|
| |
| Although the term "depression" is commonly used to describe a temporary [[depression (mood)|depressed mood]] (i.e., "feeling blue"), [[major depressive disorder]] is a serious and often disabling condition that can significantly affect a person's work, family, and school life; sleeping and eating habits; general health; and ability to enjoy life.<ref name="NIMHPub">{{cite web
| |
| | last = Mayo Clinic Staff
| |
| | title = Depression
| |
| | publisher = [[National Institute of Mental Health]] (NIMH)
| |
| |date=2006-03-06
| |
| | url = http://www.mesoarch.org/files/nimhdepression.pdf
| |
| | accessdate = 2007-10-20 }}</ref> The course of major depressive disorder varies widely: depression can be a once-in-a-lifetime event or have multiple recurrences, it can appear either gradually or suddenly, and it can either last for a few months or be a life-long disorder. [[Major depressive disorder]] is a major risk factor for [[suicide]]. In addition, people with depression suffer from higher [[mortality]] from other causes.<ref name="pmid17640152">{{cite journal |author=Rush AJ |title=The varied clinical presentations of major depressive disorder |journal=The Journal of clinical psychiatry |volume=68 Suppl 8 |issue= |pages=4–10 |year=2007 |pmid=17640152 |doi=}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| When specific treatment is indicated, it usually consists of [[psychotherapy]] and [[antidepressant]]s.
| |
|
| |
| The impact of depression on the quality of an individual's life is more than that of having a recent [[myocardial infarction]] but less than the of having [[heart failure]].<ref name="pmid7811158">{{cite journal| author=Hays RD, Wells KB, Sherbourne CD, Rogers W, Spritzer K| title=Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses. | journal=Arch Gen Psychiatry | year= 1995 | volume= 52 | issue= 1 | pages= 11-9 | pmid=7811158 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7811158 }} </ref>.
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|
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| ==Diagnosis==
| |
|
| |
| ===History and Symptoms===
| |
|
| |
| Before a diagnosis of depression can be made, a [[physician]] should perform a complete medical exam to rule out any possible physical cause for the suspected depression. If no such cause is found, a psychological evaluation should be done by the physician or by referral to a [[psychiatrist]]or [[psychologist]]. The evaluation will include a complete history of symptoms, a discussion of alcohol and drug use, and whether the patient has had or is having suicidal thoughts or thinking about [[death]]. The evaluation will also include a family medical history to see if other family members suffer from any form of depression or similar mood disorder.
| |
|
| |
| ==Treatment==
| |
|
| |
| ===Medical Therapy===
| |
|
| |
| The treatment of depression is highly individualized to the patient, based on the patient's unique combination of biological, psychological and social health factors and the severity of their condition.<ref name="MayoGuide">{{cite web
| |
| | last = Mayo Clinic Staff
| |
| | title = Depression Treatment Guide
| |
| | publisher = Mayo Clinic
| |
| |date=2006-03-06
| |
| | url = http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/depression-treatment/DO99999
| |
| | accessdate = 2007-10-20 }}</ref> The three most conventional treatments for depression include medication, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. New treatments and less conventional options are also available, including self help, life style changes, and vagus nerve stimulation.<ref name="MayoGuide" /> If there is an imminent threat of [[suicide]] or the patient is a danger to others, hospitalization is employed as an intervention method to keep at-risk individuals safe until they cease to be a danger to themselves or others. At-risk individuals may also be placed in a [[partial hospitalization]] therapy, in which the patient sleeps at home but spends most of the day in a psychiatric hospital setting. This intensive treatment usually involves [[group therapy]], [[psychotherapy|individual therapy]], [[psychopharmacology|medication management]], and is used often in the case of children and adolescents.
| |
|
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| ==References==
| |
|
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
| {{WH}}
| |
| {{WS}}
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Disease]]
| |
| [[Category:Psychiatry]]
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|
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| ==[[Major depressive disorder historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | | ==[[Major depressive disorder historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |