Back pain pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
*The exact [[pathogenesis]] of [[back]] [[pain]] depends on the underlying cause. | *The exact [[pathogenesis]] of [[back]] [[pain]] depends on the underlying cause. | ||
*[[Back]] [[pain]] can be broadly classified into [[inflammatory]], mechanical, [[degenerative]], [[oncologic]] and [[infectious]].<ref name="pmid24994051">{{cite journal| author=Patrick N, Emanski E, Knaub MA| title=Acute and chronic low back pain. | journal=Med Clin North Am | year= 2014 | volume= 98 | issue= 4 | pages= 777-89, xii | pmid=24994051 | doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2014.03.005 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24994051 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23307577">{{cite journal| author=Goode AP, Carey TS, Jordan JM| title=Low back pain and lumbar spine osteoarthritis: how are they related? | journal=Curr Rheumatol Rep | year= 2013 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 305 | pmid=23307577 | doi=10.1007/s11926-012-0305-z | pmc=3606549 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23307577 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16294986">{{cite journal| author=Ross MD, Bayer E| title=Cancer as a cause of low back pain in a patient seen in a direct access physical therapy setting. | journal=J Orthop Sports Phys Ther | year= 2005 | volume= 35 | issue= 10 | pages= 651-8 | pmid=16294986 | doi=10.2519/jospt.2005.35.10.651 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16294986 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18973732">{{cite journal| author=Chien JJ, Bajwa ZH| title=What is mechanical back pain and how best to treat it? | journal=Curr Pain Headache Rep | year= 2008 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= 406-11 | pmid=18973732 | doi=10.1007/s11916-008-0069-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18973732 }} </ref> | *[[Back]] [[pain]] can be broadly classified into [[inflammatory]], mechanical, [[degenerative]], [[oncologic]] and [[infectious]].<ref name="pmid24994051">{{cite journal| author=Patrick N, Emanski E, Knaub MA| title=Acute and chronic low back pain. | journal=Med Clin North Am | year= 2014 | volume= 98 | issue= 4 | pages= 777-89, xii | pmid=24994051 | doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2014.03.005 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24994051 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23307577">{{cite journal| author=Goode AP, Carey TS, Jordan JM| title=Low back pain and lumbar spine osteoarthritis: how are they related? | journal=Curr Rheumatol Rep | year= 2013 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 305 | pmid=23307577 | doi=10.1007/s11926-012-0305-z | pmc=3606549 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23307577 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16294986">{{cite journal| author=Ross MD, Bayer E| title=Cancer as a cause of low back pain in a patient seen in a direct access physical therapy setting. | journal=J Orthop Sports Phys Ther | year= 2005 | volume= 35 | issue= 10 | pages= 651-8 | pmid=16294986 | doi=10.2519/jospt.2005.35.10.651 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16294986 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18973732">{{cite journal| author=Chien JJ, Bajwa ZH| title=What is mechanical back pain and how best to treat it? | journal=Curr Pain Headache Rep | year= 2008 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= 406-11 | pmid=18973732 | doi=10.1007/s11916-008-0069-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18973732 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 13:42, 7 June 2021
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Back pain Microchapters |
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Back pain pathophysiology On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Back pain pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Back pain can be broadly classified into inflammatory, mechanical, degenerative, oncologic and infectious. Lumbar disc disease have been linked to genetic involvment. The risk of developing lumbar disc disease increases if found in other close relatives. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of back pain include, HLA-B27, SOX5, CCDC26/GSDMC, and DCC.
Pathophysiology
- The exact pathogenesis of back pain depends on the underlying cause.
- Back pain can be broadly classified into inflammatory, mechanical, degenerative, oncologic and infectious.[1][2][3][4]
| Type of back pain | Pathophysiology |
| Inflammatory | Inflammation of joints (sacroiliitis), inflammation of enthesis (spondyloarthritis) |
| Mechanical | Trauma, muscle sprain, extra weight on muscles (pregnancy, heavy lifting), |
| Oncologic | Lytic lesions in spine, nerve compression due to mass effect, pathologic fracture due to weakened bone |
| Degenerative | Cartilage degradation and bone remodeling decreases elasticity and causes pain , fractures can also occur due to osteoporosis, |
| Infectious | Infection involving spine, disc, joints, abscess formation. |
Genetics
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) include Human Leukocyte Antigen–B27(HLA-B27).[5]
- Lumbar disc disease have been linked to genetic involvment. The risk of developing lumbar disc disease increases if found in other close relatives.[6]
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of back pain include:[7]
- SOX5
- CCDC26/GSDMC
- DCC
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
References
- ↑ Patrick N, Emanski E, Knaub MA (2014). "Acute and chronic low back pain". Med Clin North Am. 98 (4): 777–89, xii. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.03.005. PMID 24994051.
- ↑ Goode AP, Carey TS, Jordan JM (2013). "Low back pain and lumbar spine osteoarthritis: how are they related?". Curr Rheumatol Rep. 15 (2): 305. doi:10.1007/s11926-012-0305-z. PMC 3606549. PMID 23307577.
- ↑ Ross MD, Bayer E (2005). "Cancer as a cause of low back pain in a patient seen in a direct access physical therapy setting". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 35 (10): 651–8. doi:10.2519/jospt.2005.35.10.651. PMID 16294986.
- ↑ Chien JJ, Bajwa ZH (2008). "What is mechanical back pain and how best to treat it?". Curr Pain Headache Rep. 12 (6): 406–11. doi:10.1007/s11916-008-0069-3. PMID 18973732.
- ↑ Fiorillo MT, Greco G, Maragno M, Potolicchio I, Monizio A, Dupuis ML, Sorrentino R (August 1998). "The naturally occurring polymorphism Asp116-->His116, differentiating the ankylosing spondylitis-associated HLA-B*2705 from the non-associated HLA-B*2709 subtype, influences peptide-specific CD8 T cell recognition". Eur. J. Immunol. 28 (8): 2508–16. PMID 9710228.
- ↑ Feng Y, Egan B, Wang J (2016). "Genetic Factors in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration". Genes Dis. 3 (3): 178–185. doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2016.04.005. PMC 5016799. PMID 27617275.
- ↑ Suri P, Palmer MR, Tsepilov YA, Freidin MB, Boer CG, Yau MS; et al. (2018). "Genome-wide meta-analysis of 158,000 individuals of European ancestry identifies three loci associated with chronic back pain". PLoS Genet. 14 (9): e1007601. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007601. PMC 6159857. PMID 30261039.
- ↑ Jandrić S, Antić B (2006). "[Low back pain and degenerative disc disease]". Med Pregl. 59 (9–10): 456–61. doi:10.2298/mpns0610456j. PMID 17345822.
- ↑ Nowotny J, Nowotny-Czupryna O, Brzęk A, Kowalczyk A, Czupryna K (2011). "Body posture and syndromes of back pain". Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 13 (1): 59–71. doi:10.5604/15093492.933788. PMID 21393649.
- ↑ Oliveira DS, Vélia Ferreira Mendonça L, Sofia Monteiro Sampaio R, Manuel Pereira Dias de Castro-Lopes J, Ribeiro de Azevedo LF (2019). "The Impact of Anxiety and Depression on the Outcomes of Chronic Low Back Pain Multidisciplinary Pain Management-A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study in Pain Clinics with One-Year Follow-up". Pain Med. 20 (4): 736–746. doi:10.1093/pm/pny128. PMID 30010966.
- ↑ Katonis P, Kampouroglou A, Aggelopoulos A, Kakavelakis K, Lykoudis S, Makrigiannakis A; et al. (2011). "Pregnancy-related low back pain". Hippokratia. 15 (3): 205–10. PMC 3306025. PMID 22435016.
- ↑ Idris Z, Ghazali FH, Abdullah JM (2014). "Fibromyalgia and arachnoiditis presented as an acute spinal disorder". Surg Neurol Int. 5: 151. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.143364. PMC 4228496. PMID 25396073.