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| <small>
| | __NOTOC__ |
| {| | | {{Xyz}} |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | | '''For patient information, click [[Xyz (patient information)|here]]''' |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small>
| | |
| ! colspan="3" |<small>Symptoms</small>
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} |
| ! colspan="3" |<small>Physical Examination</small>
| | |
| ! colspan="4" |<small>Diagnostic tests
| | {{SK}} |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small>
| | |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| | ==[[Xyz overview|Overview]]== |
| !<small>Dyspnea on Exertion</small>
| | |
| !<small>Chest Pain</small>
| | ==[[Xyz historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| !<small>Hemoptysis</small>
| | |
| !<small>Fever</small>
| | ==[[Xyz classification|Classification]]== |
| !<small>Tachypnea</small>
| | |
| !<small>Tachycardia</small>
| | ==[[Xyz pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| !<small>Chest X-ray</small>
| | |
| !<small>ECG</small>
| | ==[[Xyz causes|Causes]]== |
| !<small>Echocardiography>
| | |
| !<small>CT scan and CMRI</small>
| | ==[[Xyz differential diagnosis|Differentiating Xyz from other Diseases]]== |
| |-
| | |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-19-associated heart failure|COVID-19-associated heart failure]]
| | ==[[Xyz epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
| | ==[[Xyz risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
| | ==[[xyz screening|Screening]]== |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| | ==[[Xyz natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | |
| *[[Cardiomegaly]]
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| *[[Pulmonary edema]] (interstitial, alveolar)
| | [[Xyz diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Xyz history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Xyz physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Xyz laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Xyz electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Xyz x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Xyz echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Xyz CT scan|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Xyz MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Xyz other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Xyz other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | |
| *[[Left ventricular hypertrophy]]
| | ==Treatment== |
| *[[Low-voltage]] QRS
| | [[Xyz medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Xyz interventions|Interventions]] | [[Xyz surgery|Surgery]] | [[Xyz primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Xyz secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Xyz cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Xyz future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| *Non-specific ST-T change
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | ==Case Studies== |
| *Systoloic dysfunction (in HFrEF)
| | [[Xyz case study one|Case #1]] |
| *Diastoic dysfunction (in HFpEF)
| | |
| *[[COVID-19-associated stress cardiomyopathy|COVID-19-associated stress cardiomyopathy]] [[(apical ballooning)]]
| | [[Category: (name of the system)]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *CT: [[Cardiomegaly]], [[Pulmonary edema]]
| |
| *CMR: Signs of underlying [[myocarditis]] may be seen.
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Increased [[NT-proBNP]] and cardiac [[troponin]]s levels
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-19-associated pneumonia]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (Usually high)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ ([[Pleuritic]])
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *[[Lobar Consalidation]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Prolonged PR interval
| |
| *Transient T wave inversions
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *CT: [[Lobar Consalidation]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Increased inflammatory markers, including [[ESR]], [[hs-CRP]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome|COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
| |
| ]] | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Bilateral [[ground-glass opacities]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Signs of RV dysfunction/RV dilatation may be seen.
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *CT: Bilateral [[ground-glass opacities]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-19-associated myocarditis]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *[[Pericardial effusion]] may be detectable
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Non-specific:may show nonspecific ST-T abnormalities, [[sinus tachycardia]] and [[conduction abnormalities]] (such as bundle-branch blocks or atrioventricular conduction delays)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| *Non-specific: In [[fulminant myocarditis]], cardiac chamber sizes are usually normal with an increased septal thickness (secondary to acute myocardial edema), whereas in acute [[myocarditis]] marked left ventricular dilation and normal wall thickness might be seen.
| |
| *[[Pericardial effusion]] may be be seen.
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| *CMR: T2-weighted edema imaging shows the presence of “acute myocardial inflammation”. "[[Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)]] imaging” can demonstrate myocardial damage.
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Increased cardiac [[troponin]]s level
| |
| |- | |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-19-associated pulmonary embolism]] | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (Usually sudden-onset) | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ ([[Pleauritic]])
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (If massive PE)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (Low-grade)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *May show [[Fleischner sign]] (enlarged pulmonary artery), [[Hampton hump]], [[Westermark's sign]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| * Non-specific:may show [[S1Q3T3]] pattern
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| *May show signs of RV strain, Rv dilatation, Rv dysfunction (if large PE)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| *On CT angiography: Intra-luminal filling defect
| |
| *On MRI: Narrowing of involved vessel
| |
| *No contrast seen distal to obstruction
| |
| *Polo-mint sign (partial filling defect surrounded by contrast)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| *Increased [[D-dimer]], [[fibrinogen]], and [[fibrin degradation products]] levels
| |
| *May have symptoms and/or signs of accompanying [[DVT]]
| |