Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The majority of the [[infected]] [[patients]] remain [[asymptomatic]]. The symptoms of [[ancylostomiasis]] typically develop by [[direct contact]] of the [[skin]] with [[contaminated soil]] and the [[fecal-oral route]]. The most common complications include: [[Iron deficiency anemia]], in child: [[intellectual]] and [[cognitive]] [[development]], in pregnant women: [[severe anemia]], [[impaired growth]], [[severe anemia]], [[premature birth]], [[neonatal anemia]]. | |||
==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
Revision as of 07:16, 27 August 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalpana Giri, MBBS[2]
Overview
The majority of the infected patients remain asymptomatic. The symptoms of ancylostomiasis typically develop by direct contact of the skin with contaminated soil and the fecal-oral route. The most common complications include: Iron deficiency anemia, in child: intellectual and cognitive development, in pregnant women: severe anemia, impaired growth, severe anemia, premature birth, neonatal anemia.
Natural History
The symptoms of ancylostomiasis typically develop by direct contact of the skin with contaminated soil and the fecal-oral route.[1]
Complication
The majority of the infected patients remain asymptomatic.[1] The most common complications include:
Children with moderate and heavy intensity hookworm infections include:[2]
- impaired growth
- deficits in intellectual and cognitive development.
Women especially pregnant infected with hookworms include:
- severe anemia
- increased maternal morbidity and mortality
- premature birth
- neonatal anemia
Prognosis
Prognosis is generally excellent with proper treatment and mortality rate in the tropics is approximately 50-60,000 deaths per year. It causes significant morbidity in the form of chronic anemia and protein malnutrition.[3][4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ronquillo AC, Puelles LB, Espinoza LP, Sánchez VA, Luis Pinto Valdivia J (2019). "Ancylostoma duodenale as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report". Braz J Infect Dis. 23 (6): 471–473. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.002. PMID 31622567.
- ↑ Blair P, Diemert D (2015). "Update on prevention and treatment of intestinal helminth infections". Curr Infect Dis Rep. 17 (3): 465. doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0465-x. PMID 25821189.
- ↑ "Hookworms: Ancylostoma spp. and Necator spp". Archived from the original on 27 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
- ↑ Diemert DJ, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ (2008). "Hookworm vaccines". Clin Infect Dis. 46 (2): 282–8. doi:10.1086/524070. PMID 18171264.