Dysmenorrhea

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Case #1
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and Keywords: Dysmenorrhoea; menstrual cramps; menorrhalgia; menstrual pain

Classification

The two types of dysmenorrhea are:

• Primary or spasmodic dysmenorrhea
• Secondary or congestive dysmenorrhea

Primary Dysmenorrhea

• Lower abdominal pain that occurs during a menstrual cycle and is not associated with any pelvic pathology
• Usually disappears in women by pregnancy or in late 20's

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

• Lower abdominal pain that occurs during a menstrual cycle and is associated with pathologies inside and outside the uterus
• Usually prevelant over 20's

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Stress and anxiety
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Adenomyosis
• History of sexual or physical abuse
• Leiomyoma
• Ovarian cysts
• Endometriosis

References

• Andreoli, Thomas E., Charles C. J. Carpenter, Robert C. Griggs, and Joseph Loscalzo. CECIL Essentials of Medicine, 6th ed. Saunders, 2004. ISBN 0-7216-0147-2
• Chapman-Smith, David A. "The Chiropractic Profession." NCMIC Group Inc., 2000. ISBN 1-892734-02-8
• Hacker, Neville F., J. George Moore, and Joseph C. Gambone. Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4th ed. Elsevier Saunders, 2004. ISBN 0-7216-0179-0
• Jun E (2004). "[Effects of SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, skin temperature of CV2 acupoint and temperature, in the college students]". Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 34 (7): 1343–50. PMID 15687775.
• Proctor M, Hing W, Johnson T, Murphy P (2006). "Spinal manipulation for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 3: CD002119. PMID 16855988. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• White A (2003). "A review of controlled trials of acupuncture for women's reproductive health care". J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 29 (4): 233–6. PMID 14662058.
• Wright, Jason and Solange Wyatt. The Washington Manual Obstetrics and Gynecology Survival Guide. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003. ISBN 0-7817-4363-X

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