Pyonephrosis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
*Pyonephrosis is commonly caused by bacteria as well as fungi like, ''Enterococcus'' spp., ''K. pneumoniae'', ''Candida'' spp., ''S. aureus'', ''P. mirabilis'', ''P. aeruginosa'' and Group B ''Streptococcus''.<ref name="pmid25853778">{{cite journal| author=Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ| title=Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. | journal=Nat Rev Microbiol | year= 2015 | volume= 13 | issue= 5 | pages= 269-84 | pmid=25853778 | doi=10.1038/nrmicro3432 | pmc=4457377 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25853778 }} </ref> | *Pyonephrosis is commonly caused by bacteria as well as fungi like, ''[[Enterococcus]]'' spp., ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae|K. pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Candida]]'' spp., ''[[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]]'', ''[[Proteus mirabilis|P. mirabilis]]'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa|P. aeruginosa]]'' and [[Group B Streptococcus|Group B ''Streptococcus'']].<ref name="pmid25853778">{{cite journal| author=Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ| title=Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. | journal=Nat Rev Microbiol | year= 2015 | volume= 13 | issue= 5 | pages= 269-84 | pmid=25853778 | doi=10.1038/nrmicro3432 | pmc=4457377 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25853778 }} </ref> | ||
*Accumulation of pus as a result of an ongoing upper urinary tract infection (acute pyelonephritis) combined with inability to drain due to obstruction of the renal collecting system results in pyonephrosis. | *Accumulation of pus as a result of an ongoing upper urinary tract infection (acute pyelonephritis) combined with inability to drain due to obstruction of the renal collecting system results in pyonephrosis. | ||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
*Immunosuppression e.g., diabetes mellitus, AIDS, renal failure, renal transplantation. | *Immunosuppression e.g., [[diabetes mellitus]], [[AIDS]], [[renal failure]], [[renal transplantation]]. | ||
*Local factors that compromise the genitourinary tract, like nephrolithiasis, congenital obstructing lesions, neurogenic bladder, pregnancy, tumors, long-term indwelling catheters, genitourinary procedures.<ref name="pmid27822582">{{cite journal| author=Patodia M, Goel A, Singh V, Singh BP, Sinha RJ, Kumar M | display-authors=etal| title=Are there any predictors of pyonephrosis in patients with renal calculus disease? | journal=Urolithiasis | year= 2017 | volume= 45 | issue= 4 | pages= 415-420 | pmid=27822582 | doi=10.1007/s00240-016-0933-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27822582 }} </ref><ref name="pmid33284898">{{cite journal| author=Wang X, Tang K, Xia D, Peng E, Li R, Liu H | display-authors=etal| title=A novel comprehensive predictive model for obstructive pyonephrosis patients with upper urinary tract stones. | journal=Int J Clin Exp Pathol | year= 2020 | volume= 13 | issue= 11 | pages= 2758-2766 | pmid=33284898 | doi= | pmc=7716127 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33284898 }} </ref><ref name="pmid33671431">{{cite journal| author=Tamburrini S, Lugarà M, Iannuzzi M, Cesaro E, De Simone F, Del Biondo D | display-authors=etal| title=Pyonephrosis Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Features: A Pictorial Review. | journal=Diagnostics (Basel) | year= 2021 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= | pmid=33671431 | doi=10.3390/diagnostics11020331 | pmc=7921924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33671431 }} </ref> | *Local factors that compromise the genitourinary tract, like [[nephrolithiasis]], congenital obstructing lesions, [[neurogenic bladder]], pregnancy, tumors, long-term indwelling catheters, genitourinary procedures.<ref name="pmid27822582">{{cite journal| author=Patodia M, Goel A, Singh V, Singh BP, Sinha RJ, Kumar M | display-authors=etal| title=Are there any predictors of pyonephrosis in patients with renal calculus disease? | journal=Urolithiasis | year= 2017 | volume= 45 | issue= 4 | pages= 415-420 | pmid=27822582 | doi=10.1007/s00240-016-0933-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27822582 }} </ref><ref name="pmid33284898">{{cite journal| author=Wang X, Tang K, Xia D, Peng E, Li R, Liu H | display-authors=etal| title=A novel comprehensive predictive model for obstructive pyonephrosis patients with upper urinary tract stones. | journal=Int J Clin Exp Pathol | year= 2020 | volume= 13 | issue= 11 | pages= 2758-2766 | pmid=33284898 | doi= | pmc=7716127 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33284898 }} </ref><ref name="pmid33671431">{{cite journal| author=Tamburrini S, Lugarà M, Iannuzzi M, Cesaro E, De Simone F, Del Biondo D | display-authors=etal| title=Pyonephrosis Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Features: A Pictorial Review. | journal=Diagnostics (Basel) | year= 2021 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= | pmid=33671431 | doi=10.3390/diagnostics11020331 | pmc=7921924 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33671431 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 11:51, 16 October 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Harsh Vardhan Chawla, M.B.B.S.[2]
Causes
- Pyonephrosis is commonly caused by bacteria as well as fungi like, Enterococcus spp., K. pneumoniae, Candida spp., S. aureus, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and Group B Streptococcus.[1]
- Accumulation of pus as a result of an ongoing upper urinary tract infection (acute pyelonephritis) combined with inability to drain due to obstruction of the renal collecting system results in pyonephrosis.
Risk factors
- Immunosuppression e.g., diabetes mellitus, AIDS, renal failure, renal transplantation.
- Local factors that compromise the genitourinary tract, like nephrolithiasis, congenital obstructing lesions, neurogenic bladder, pregnancy, tumors, long-term indwelling catheters, genitourinary procedures.[2][3][4]
References
- ↑ Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ (2015). "Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options". Nat Rev Microbiol. 13 (5): 269–84. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3432. PMC 4457377. PMID 25853778.
- ↑ Patodia M, Goel A, Singh V, Singh BP, Sinha RJ, Kumar M; et al. (2017). "Are there any predictors of pyonephrosis in patients with renal calculus disease?". Urolithiasis. 45 (4): 415–420. doi:10.1007/s00240-016-0933-2. PMID 27822582.
- ↑ Wang X, Tang K, Xia D, Peng E, Li R, Liu H; et al. (2020). "A novel comprehensive predictive model for obstructive pyonephrosis patients with upper urinary tract stones". Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 13 (11): 2758–2766. PMC 7716127 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33284898 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Tamburrini S, Lugarà M, Iannuzzi M, Cesaro E, De Simone F, Del Biondo D; et al. (2021). "Pyonephrosis Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Features: A Pictorial Review". Diagnostics (Basel). 11 (2). doi:10.3390/diagnostics11020331. PMC 7921924 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33671431 Check|pmid=value (help).