Bacterial pneumonia differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
{{Bacterial pneumonia}} | {{Bacterial pneumonia}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Bacterial Pneumonia has various subclassifications, all with distinct underlying causes. Prevalent organisms have been mentioned below. | |||
==Differentiating Bacterial Pneumonia from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Bacterial Pneumonia from other Diseases== | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 700px;" align=center | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 700px;" align="center" | ||
|valign=top| | | valign="top" | | ||
|+'''Differential Diagnosis of Pneumonia by Infectious Agent''' | |+'''Differential Diagnosis of Pneumonia by Infectious Agent''' | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 500px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Findings}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Findings}} | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 500px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Common Organisms}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Common Organisms}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | Typical Bacterial | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |Typical Bacterial | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[S. pneumoniae]], [[H. influenzae]], [[S. aureus]], [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]], [[anaerobes]], [[group A streptococci]], [[Moraxella catarrhalis]]. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[S. pneumoniae]], [[H. influenzae]], [[S. aureus]], [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]], [[anaerobes]], [[group A streptococci]], [[Moraxella catarrhalis]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | Atypical Bacterial | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |Atypical Bacterial | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[Legionella]] spp, [[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]], and C. psittaci. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | Viral | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |Viral | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Influenza virus, Parainfluenza virus, Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, RSV, SARS, MERS-CoV, | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Influenza virus, Parainfluenza virus, Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, RSV, SARS, MERS-CoV, | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | Fungi | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |Fungi | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Cryptococcus spp, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp, Aspergillus spp | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Cryptococcus spp, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp, Aspergillus spp | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | Parasite | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |Parasite | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 700px;" align=center | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 700px;" align="center" | ||
|valign=top| | | valign="top" | | ||
|+'''Differential Diagnosis of Pneumonia''' <ref name="pmid1458569">{{cite journal| author=Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G, Arzoglou P, Brettschneider H et al.| title=Interlaboratory study of the IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase performed with use of a partly purified reference material. | journal=Clin Chem | year= 1992 | volume= 38 | issue= 12 | pages= 2365-71 | pmid=1458569 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1458569 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11113658">{{cite journal| author=Castro-Guardiola A, Armengou-Arxé A, Viejo-Rodríguez A, Peñarroja-Matutano G, Garcia-Bragado F| title=Differential diagnosis between community-acquired pneumonia and non-pneumonia diseases of the chest in the emergency ward. | journal=Eur J Intern Med | year= 2000 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 334-339 | pmid=11113658 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11113658 }} </ref><ref name="Ahnsjö1935">{{cite journal|last1=Ahnsjö|first1=Sven|title=Contribution to the Differential Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Childhood|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=17|issue=3|year=1935|pages=439–446|issn=0803-5253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1935.tb07697.x}}</ref> | |+'''Differential Diagnosis of Pneumonia''' <ref name="pmid1458569">{{cite journal| author=Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G, Arzoglou P, Brettschneider H et al.| title=Interlaboratory study of the IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase performed with use of a partly purified reference material. | journal=Clin Chem | year= 1992 | volume= 38 | issue= 12 | pages= 2365-71 | pmid=1458569 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1458569 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11113658">{{cite journal| author=Castro-Guardiola A, Armengou-Arxé A, Viejo-Rodríguez A, Peñarroja-Matutano G, Garcia-Bragado F| title=Differential diagnosis between community-acquired pneumonia and non-pneumonia diseases of the chest in the emergency ward. | journal=Eur J Intern Med | year= 2000 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 334-339 | pmid=11113658 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11113658 }} </ref><ref name="Ahnsjö1935">{{cite journal|last1=Ahnsjö|first1=Sven|title=Contribution to the Differential Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Childhood|journal=Acta Paediatrica|volume=17|issue=3|year=1935|pages=439–446|issn=0803-5253|doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.1935.tb07697.x}}</ref> | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 500px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Findings}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Findings}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Acute bronchitis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Acute bronchitis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | No infiltrates seen on the chest X-ray. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No infiltrates seen on the chest X-ray. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Asthma]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Asthma]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Past medical history, no infiltrates seen on chest X-ray. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Past medical history, no infiltrates seen on chest X-ray. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Bronchiolitis obliterans]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Bronchiolitis obliterans]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Should be suspected in patients with pneumonia who do not respond to antibiotics treatment. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Should be suspected in patients with pneumonia who do not respond to antibiotics treatment. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Congestive heart failure]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Congestive heart failure]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Bilateral [[pulmonary edema]], shortness of breath. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Bilateral [[pulmonary edema]], shortness of breath. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[COPD]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[COPD]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Past medical history, no infiltrates on chest X-ray, fever is uncommon. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Past medical history, no infiltrates on chest X-ray, fever is uncommon. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Empyema]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Empyema]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | CXR showing features of [[pleural effusion]], inflammatory markers on [[thoracocentesis]]. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |CXR showing features of [[pleural effusion]], inflammatory markers on [[thoracocentesis]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Endocarditis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Endocarditis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Finding of septic [[pulmonary emboli]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Finding of septic [[pulmonary emboli]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD) | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD) | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Normal chest X-ray, symptoms are worse during night and associated with meals. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal chest X-ray, symptoms are worse during night and associated with meals. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Lung abscess]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Lung abscess]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Chest X-ray shows signs of [[lung abscess]]. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Chest X-ray shows signs of [[lung abscess]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Lung cancer]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Lung cancer]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Weight loss, clear sputum. CT scan and biopsy are helpful in ruling out malignancy. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Weight loss, clear sputum. CT scan and biopsy are helpful in ruling out malignancy. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Pertussis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Pertussis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Productive cough for weeks, nasopharyngeal aspirate aids in diagnosis. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Productive cough for weeks, nasopharyngeal aspirate aids in diagnosis. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Pulmonary embolus]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Pulmonary embolus]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | A high degree of suspicion should be kept for [[pulmonary embolus]]. Chest X-ray may be normal. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |A high degree of suspicion should be kept for [[pulmonary embolus]]. Chest X-ray may be normal. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Sinusitis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Sinusitis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Sinus tenderness, post nasal drip. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sinus tenderness, post nasal drip. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" | [[Vasculitis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |[[Vasculitis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Systemic manifestations of [[collagen vascular disease]] may be seen. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Systemic manifestations of [[collagen vascular disease]] may be seen. | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 07:06, 28 December 2021
|
Bacterial pneumonia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Bacterial pneumonia differential diagnosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bacterial pneumonia differential diagnosis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Bacterial pneumonia differential diagnosis |
Overview
Bacterial Pneumonia has various subclassifications, all with distinct underlying causes. Prevalent organisms have been mentioned below.
Differentiating Bacterial Pneumonia from other Diseases
| Disease | Findings | Common Organisms |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Bacterial | S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, anaerobes, group A streptococci, Moraxella catarrhalis. | |
| Atypical Bacterial | Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and C. psittaci. | |
| Viral | Influenza virus, Parainfluenza virus, Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, RSV, SARS, MERS-CoV, | |
| Fungi | Cryptococcus spp, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp, Aspergillus spp | |
| Parasite |
| Disease | Findings |
|---|---|
| Acute bronchitis | No infiltrates seen on the chest X-ray. |
| Asthma | Past medical history, no infiltrates seen on chest X-ray. |
| Bronchiolitis obliterans | Should be suspected in patients with pneumonia who do not respond to antibiotics treatment. |
| Congestive heart failure | Bilateral pulmonary edema, shortness of breath. |
| COPD | Past medical history, no infiltrates on chest X-ray, fever is uncommon. |
| Empyema | CXR showing features of pleural effusion, inflammatory markers on thoracocentesis. |
| Endocarditis | Finding of septic pulmonary emboli |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Normal chest X-ray, symptoms are worse during night and associated with meals. |
| Lung abscess | Chest X-ray shows signs of lung abscess. |
| Lung cancer | Weight loss, clear sputum. CT scan and biopsy are helpful in ruling out malignancy. |
| Pertussis | Productive cough for weeks, nasopharyngeal aspirate aids in diagnosis. |
| Pulmonary embolus | A high degree of suspicion should be kept for pulmonary embolus. Chest X-ray may be normal. |
| Sinusitis | Sinus tenderness, post nasal drip. |
| Vasculitis | Systemic manifestations of collagen vascular disease may be seen. |
References
- ↑ Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G, Arzoglou P, Brettschneider H; et al. (1992). "Interlaboratory study of the IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase performed with use of a partly purified reference material". Clin Chem. 38 (12): 2365–71. PMID 1458569.
- ↑ Castro-Guardiola A, Armengou-Arxé A, Viejo-Rodríguez A, Peñarroja-Matutano G, Garcia-Bragado F (2000). "Differential diagnosis between community-acquired pneumonia and non-pneumonia diseases of the chest in the emergency ward". Eur J Intern Med. 11 (6): 334–339. PMID 11113658.
- ↑ Ahnsjö, Sven (1935). "Contribution to the Differential Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Childhood". Acta Paediatrica. 17 (3): 439–446. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1935.tb07697.x. ISSN 0803-5253.