Bacterial pneumonia causes: Difference between revisions

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''[[Escherichia coli]]''  
''[[Escherichia coli]]''  


''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]''  
''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]''
|-
|-
|Toddlers (2 - 4 years) <ref name="pmid27569107" />
|Toddlers (2 - 4 years) <ref name="pmid27569107" />
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''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''
''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''


''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]''  
''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]''
|-
|-
|Children (4 weeks - 18 years) <ref name="pmid27569107" />
|Children (4 weeks - 18 years) <ref name="pmid27569107" />
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''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''
''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''


''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''  
''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''
|-
|-
|Adults (18 - 65 years) <ref name="pmid32461392">{{cite journal| author=Eshwara VK, Mukhopadhyay C, Rello J| title=Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults: An update. | journal=Indian J Med Res | year= 2020 | volume= 151 | issue= 4 | pages= 287-302 | pmid=32461392 | doi=10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1678_19 | pmc=7371062 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32461392  }} </ref>
|Adults (18 - 65 years) <ref name="pmid32461392">{{cite journal| author=Eshwara VK, Mukhopadhyay C, Rello J| title=Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults: An update. | journal=Indian J Med Res | year= 2020 | volume= 151 | issue= 4 | pages= 287-302 | pmid=32461392 | doi=10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1678_19 | pmc=7371062 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32461392  }} </ref>
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''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''
''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''


''[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]''  
''[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]''
|-
|-
|Elderly (>65 years) <ref name="pmid28916385">{{cite journal| author=Henig O, Kaye KS| title=Bacterial Pneumonia in Older Adults. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2017 | volume= 31 | issue= 4 | pages= 689-713 | pmid=28916385 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.015 | pmc=7127502 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28916385  }} </ref>
|Elderly (>65 years) <ref name="pmid28916385">{{cite journal| author=Henig O, Kaye KS| title=Bacterial Pneumonia in Older Adults. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2017 | volume= 31 | issue= 4 | pages= 689-713 | pmid=28916385 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.015 | pmc=7127502 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28916385  }} </ref>
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|}
|}


=== Specific Groups ===
===Specific Groups===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Group Description
!Group Description
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|-
|-
|Alcoholics
|Alcoholics
|
|''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae|Streptococcus Pneumoniae]]''
 
''Oral [[anaerobes]]''
 
''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae|Klebsiella Pneumoniae]]''
 
''[[Acinetobacter spp|Acinetobacter]]''
|-
|-
|Aspiration
|Aspiration
|
|''Oral [[anaerobes]]''
 
''Gram Negative Rods ([[Escherichia coli]], [[Klebsiella]], [[Enterobacter]] species, [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]])''
|-
|-
|Cystic fibrosis
|Cystic fibrosis

Revision as of 08:17, 3 January 2022

Pneumonia Main Page

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz

Overview

Bacterial pneumonia may be due to a variety of underlying causes. The microorganisms responsible are divided into Typical and Atypical. Typical bacteria often result in a classic pneumonia whereas atypical bacteria lead to a much milder presentation often referred to as "walking pneumonia". These patients appear near normal but have extensive findings on chest x-ray.

Causes

Microorganisms

Typical Pneumonia [1] Atypical Pneumonia [1]
Streptococcus pneumoniae Legionella
Staphylococcus aureus Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae Chlamydia pneumoniae
Listeria monocytogenes Chlamydia psittaci
Group A streptococci Chlamydia Trachomatis
Moraxella catarrhalis
Anaerobes and aerobic gram-negative bacteria

Demographics

Age Group Most common organism
Neonates (<4 weeks old) [2][3] Group B streptococci

Escherichia coli

Listeria monocytogenes

Toddlers (2 - 4 years) [3] Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Children (4 weeks - 18 years) [3] Streptococcus pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Adults (18 - 65 years) [4] Streptococcus pneumoniae

Staphylococcus aureus

Haemophilus influenzae

Klebsiella

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Legionella

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Elderly (>65 years) [5] Streptococcus pneumoniae

Staphylococcus aureus

Haemophilus influenzae

Legionella

Gram Negative Rods (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Specific Groups

Group Description Most common organism
Alcoholics Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Oral anaerobes

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Acinetobacter

Aspiration Oral anaerobes

Gram Negative Rods (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Cystic fibrosis
Immunocompromised
Intravenous drug users
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) [6] Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Streptococcus species

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Enterobacter species

Acinetobacter species

Postviral

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30020693.
  2. ↑ Webber S, Wilkinson AR, Lindsell D, Hope PL, Dobson SR, Isaacs D (1990). "Neonatal pneumonia". Arch Dis Child. 65 (2): 207–11. doi:10.1136/adc.65.2.207. PMC 1792235. PMID 2107797.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Nguyen TK, Tran TH, Roberts CL, Graham SM, Marais BJ (2017). "Child pneumonia - focus on the Western Pacific Region". Paediatr Respir Rev. 21: 102–110. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2016.07.004. PMC 7106312 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 27569107.
  4. ↑ Eshwara VK, Mukhopadhyay C, Rello J (2020). "Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults: An update". Indian J Med Res. 151 (4): 287–302. doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1678_19. PMC 7371062 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32461392 Check |pmid= value (help).
  5. ↑ Henig O, Kaye KS (2017). "Bacterial Pneumonia in Older Adults". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31 (4): 689–713. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.015. PMC 7127502 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 28916385.
  6. ↑ "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30571062.

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