Bacterial pneumonia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Although physical examination may vary amongst patients, many presents with similar findings. Variations may be due to the severity and extent of disease, the causative bacteria, as well as the presence or absence of any complications.<ref name="pmid30020693">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2021 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30020693 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
'''General Appearance''' | |||
Patients may appear normal or in distress. Varying degrees of cyanosis may be present. | |||
'''Vital Signs''' | |||
* Pulse: > 100/minute | |||
* Temperature: > 38 C/100.4 F ''or'' <35 C/95 F | |||
* Respiratory Rate: 18 breaths/minute | |||
'''Examination According to Systems''' | |||
# ENT | |||
* Dental illnesses may predispose to an ''Anaerobic'' infection | |||
# Skin | |||
* Cyanosis may be possible | |||
# Cardiovascular | |||
* Tachycardia | |||
* Bradycardia may be found in cases of Legionella | |||
# Pulmonary | |||
* Breath sounds: bronchial breath sounds as well as crackles and rales | |||
* Percussion: dull | |||
* Egophony: increased | |||
* Fremitus:tactile/ increased | |||
* Tracheal Deviation: usually absent | |||
* Other findings: lymphadenopathy | |||
# Neurological/ Psychological | |||
* Patients may present with confusion, especially the elderly or patients that develop sepsis | |||
# Renal | |||
* No significant findings | |||
# GIT | |||
* Diarrhea may indicate a ''Legionella'' infection<ref name="pmid33110729">{{cite journal| author=Dalal N, Athwal PSS, Tharu B, Shah P, Shah L| title=Legionnaires Disease Presenting as Diarrhea: A Case Report. | journal=Cureus | year= 2020 | volume= 12 | issue= 9 | pages= e10593 | pmid=33110729 | doi=10.7759/cureus.10593 | pmc=7581213 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33110729 }} </ref> | |||
# Muscular | |||
*No significant findings; patients often complain of myopathy | |||
# Genitourinary | |||
*No significant findings | |||
# Hematological | |||
* Hemolytic anemia may be seen with ''Mycoplasma'' infections<ref name="pmid22333470">{{cite journal| author=Han X, He B, Wang F| title=[Mycoplasma pneumonia associated with hemolytic anemia: case report and literature review]. | journal=Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi | year= 2011 | volume= 34 | issue= 11 | pages= 832-6 | pmid=22333470 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22333470 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 09:57, 8 January 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz
Overview
Although physical examination may vary amongst patients, many presents with similar findings. Variations may be due to the severity and extent of disease, the causative bacteria, as well as the presence or absence of any complications.[1]
Physical Examination
General Appearance Patients may appear normal or in distress. Varying degrees of cyanosis may be present.
Vital Signs
- Pulse: > 100/minute
- Temperature: > 38 C/100.4 F or <35 C/95 F
- Respiratory Rate: 18 breaths/minute
Examination According to Systems
- ENT
- Dental illnesses may predispose to an Anaerobic infection
- Skin
- Cyanosis may be possible
- Cardiovascular
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia may be found in cases of Legionella
- Pulmonary
- Breath sounds: bronchial breath sounds as well as crackles and rales
- Percussion: dull
- Egophony: increased
- Fremitus:tactile/ increased
- Tracheal Deviation: usually absent
- Other findings: lymphadenopathy
- Neurological/ Psychological
- Patients may present with confusion, especially the elderly or patients that develop sepsis
- Renal
- No significant findings
- GIT
- Diarrhea may indicate a Legionella infection[2]
- Muscular
- No significant findings; patients often complain of myopathy
- Genitourinary
- No significant findings
- Hematological
- Hemolytic anemia may be seen with Mycoplasma infections[3]
References
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30020693.
- ↑ Dalal N, Athwal PSS, Tharu B, Shah P, Shah L (2020). "Legionnaires Disease Presenting as Diarrhea: A Case Report". Cureus. 12 (9): e10593. doi:10.7759/cureus.10593. PMC 7581213 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33110729 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Han X, He B, Wang F (2011). "[Mycoplasma pneumonia associated with hemolytic anemia: case report and literature review]". Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 34 (11): 832–6. PMID 22333470.