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{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' Arooj Naz
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' Arooj Naz


Bornholm Disease has been referred to by various different names, some of which include ''Devil's Grip'', ''epidemic pleurodynia'' and ''epidemic myalgia'', to name a few. Apart from the plethora of names presenting possible difficulty in its recognition, it is often a diagnosis that is ''not'' part of the initial differential diagnosis' when a patient presents with chest pain. Because of the possibility of life-threatening conditions presenting with similar pain, it often requires extensive workup to exclude other diseases in medical settings.  
== Overview ==
Bornholm Disease has been referred to by various different names, some of which include ''Devil's Grip'', ''epidemic pleurodynia'' and ''epidemic myalgia'', to name a few. Apart from the plethora of names presenting possible difficulty in its recognition, it is often a diagnosis that is ''not'' part of the initial differential diagnosis' when a patient presents with [[chest pain]]. Because of the possibility of life-threatening conditions presenting with similar pain, it often requires extensive workup to exclude other diseases in medical settings.  


== Differential Diagnosis ==
Bornholm disease presents with [[Acute chest pain|acute chest]] and or [[abdominal pain]] and requires a high degree of suspicion for diagnosis. The disease presents with a. clinical syndrome that can appear to mimic inflammation or injury of any organ within the  [[thorax]] or [[abdomen]] and thus requires differentiation.<ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue=  | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740  }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Differential Diagnosis for Bornholm Disease<ref name="pmid30364740" />
!Condition
!Common Presenting Symptoms
!Workup to differentiate from Bornholm Disease
|-
|Acute Coronary syndromes
|
|
|-
|Aortic dissection
|
|
|-
|Pulmonary embolism
|
|
|-
|Ruptured aortic aneurysm
|
|
|-
|Tension pneumothorax  
|
|
|-
|Pneumonia
|
|Requires a chest x-ray to rule out pneumonia
|-
|Pleurisy
|
|
|-
|Acute appendicitis
|
|
|-
|Pancreatitis
|
|
|-
|Cholecystitis
|
|
|-
|Guillain-Barré syndrome<ref name="pmid322960052">{{cite journal| author=Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 59 | issue= 14 | pages= 1721-1726 | pmid=32296005 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20 | pmc=7434534 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32296005  }}</ref>
|
|Nerve conduction studies: Axonal or demyelinating neuropathy  seen in GBS; results are normal in Bornholm
|-
|Viral Myositis<ref name="pmid32296005">{{cite journal| author=Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 59 | issue= 14 | pages= 1721-1726 | pmid=32296005 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20 | pmc=7434534 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32296005  }}</ref>
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|
|-
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|
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|}


   
   


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 09:21, 15 February 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz

Overview

Bornholm Disease has been referred to by various different names, some of which include Devil's Grip, epidemic pleurodynia and epidemic myalgia, to name a few. Apart from the plethora of names presenting possible difficulty in its recognition, it is often a diagnosis that is not part of the initial differential diagnosis' when a patient presents with chest pain. Because of the possibility of life-threatening conditions presenting with similar pain, it often requires extensive workup to exclude other diseases in medical settings.

Differential Diagnosis

Bornholm disease presents with acute chest and or abdominal pain and requires a high degree of suspicion for diagnosis. The disease presents with a. clinical syndrome that can appear to mimic inflammation or injury of any organ within the thorax or abdomen and thus requires differentiation.[1]

Differential Diagnosis for Bornholm Disease[1]
Condition Common Presenting Symptoms Workup to differentiate from Bornholm Disease
Acute Coronary syndromes
Aortic dissection
Pulmonary embolism
Ruptured aortic aneurysm
Tension pneumothorax  
Pneumonia Requires a chest x-ray to rule out pneumonia
Pleurisy
Acute appendicitis
Pancreatitis
Cholecystitis
Guillain-Barré syndrome[2] Nerve conduction studies: Axonal or demyelinating neuropathy seen in GBS; results are normal in Bornholm
Viral Myositis[3]



References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25 ( ): 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
  2. ↑ Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K; et al. (2020). "Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019". Intern Med. 59 (14): 1721–1726. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20. PMC 7434534 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32296005 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. ↑ Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K; et al. (2020). "Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019". Intern Med. 59 (14): 1721–1726. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20. PMC 7434534 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32296005 Check |pmid= value (help).

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