Bornholm disease risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S

Overview

Bornholm disease is often present in the summer time, therefore it is helpful to be aware of it during this time. The demographic most at risk of exposure includes children attending day care centres and those under the age of 10 years. Care should be taken to reduce exposure to already infected patients, isolation is advised. Poor hand hygiene, especially inadequate hand washing before meals and after using the bathroom that may lead to a viral auto-infection. The virus can be shed in the stool for uptown 6 weeks.

Risk Factors

The incidence for Bornholm disease can be exacerbated with certain exposures and unhygienic practice. To prevent contracting the disease, it may be helpful to avoid any risk factors that predispose a patient to Coxsackie virus strains. The disease is common in children under the age of 10 during the summer time. Early recognition of children that may be at risk can help reduce the risk of complications. Some risk factors include:)

• Exposure while in day care centres through sharing toys with other children
• Close contact with already infected patients
• Poor hand hygiene, especially inadequate hand washing before meals and after using the bathroom that may lead to a viral auto-infection (virus can be shed in the stool for uptown 6 weeks)

In some cases, the presence of other concomitant conditions can result in increased predisposition to disease. These include:

• Infections in children younger than one year
• Prolonged duration of fever (greater than 3 days)