Cardiac tumors overview: Difference between revisions
(→Causes) |
|||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Numerous genetic abnormalities are linked to cardiac tumors however no direct causes have been established as of yet. | Numerous genetic abnormalities are linked to cardiac tumors however no direct causes have been established as of yet. | ||
Some genetic disorders closely related with a high incidence of cardiac tumors are Tuberous Sclerosis, Gorlin Syndrome, and Carneys Triad. | Some genetic disorders closely related with a high incidence of cardiac tumors are [[Tuberous Sclerosis]], [[Gorlin Syndrome]], and [[Carneys Triad]]. | ||
==Differentiating Cardiac Tumors from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Cardiac Tumors from other Diseases== | ||
Revision as of 05:30, 7 July 2022
| https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UO4RUNzPOZM%7C350}} |
|
Cardiac tumors Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Cardiac tumors overview On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cardiac tumors overview |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiac tumors overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The primary tumors of the heart are tumors that arise from the normal tissues that make up the heart. This is in contrast to secondary tumors of the heart, which are typically either metastatic from another part of the body, or infiltrate the heart via direct extension from the surrounding tissues.
History and Symptoms
Cardiac tumors present with a wide variety of symptoms. Many patients remain asymptomatic, and the tumor is an incidental finding. Some patients may present with symptoms of mimicking those of valve abnormalities such as mitral stenosis. Patients may also present with rhythm disturbances,endocarditis or even heart failure.
Physical Examination
A "tumor plop" (a sound related to movement of the tumor), abnormal heart sounds, or murmur may be heard. These sounds may change when the patient changes position.
Electrocardiogram
Historical Perspective
As early as 1559, Dr. Realdo Colombo wrote about heart tumors, and the first successful surgery to remove a left atrial myxoma was performed in 1954 by Dr. Clarence Crafoord. After the discovery of cardiac tumors, new chemotherapeutic agents and treatments have been developed.
Classification
Based on their origin, cardiac tumors are classed as either primary or secondary. Primary cardiac tumors are classified as either benign, malignant, or intermediate.
Pathophysiology
Cardiac tumors' exact pathogenesis remains an enigma. Some cardiac tumors are linked to genetic predispositions or are a part of syndromes.
- Cardiac rhabdomyomas are linked to "Tuberous sclerosis," an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of several organ hamartomas.
- Cardiac fibromas may be related with Gorlin syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital anomalies and a predisposition to tumorigenesis.
- Cardiac myxomas may be related with Carney complex, an autosomal dominant disorder.
- Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy is occasionally inherited, however the underlying genetic abnormalities are still unclear.
- The majority of undifferentiated cardiac sarcomas share the same genetic profile as pulmonary artery intimal sarcomas, which are defined by recurrent mutations in the MDM2, PDGFRA, and CDKN2A genes.
- Papillary fibroelastomas have been reported following cardiac instrumentation and thoracic irradiation.
Causes
Numerous genetic abnormalities are linked to cardiac tumors however no direct causes have been established as of yet. Some genetic disorders closely related with a high incidence of cardiac tumors are Tuberous Sclerosis, Gorlin Syndrome, and Carneys Triad.
Differentiating Cardiac Tumors from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Risk Factors for Embolization
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1 | Case #2: Cardiac lymphoma