Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
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!Disease | |||
!Clinical manifestations | |||
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|'''Viral encephalitis''' <ref name="pmid14978145">{{cite journal| author=Kennedy PG| title=Viral encephalitis: causes, differential diagnosis, and management. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 75 Suppl 1 | issue= | pages= i10-5 | pmid=14978145 | doi=10.1136/jnnp.2003.034280 | pmc=1765650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14978145 }}</ref> | |||
|Can occur in any age characterised by fever and occasional prodromal illness | |||
|Leukocytosis in blood; T2-weighted MRI shows multiple diffuse hyperintensities overlying the grey matter and white matter of bilateral cerebral cortices, and to a lesser extent the white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum; lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein and normal glucose in CSF. | |||
|CSF analysis for viral cultures and serological assays | |||
|History of recent travel, animal bites (lyme disease/rabies), contact with childhood exanthema and polio, high-risk occupations and drug abuse; skin rashes (VZV,Measles, Rickettsia). HSV may cause fronto-temporal signs, aphasia, personality changes and focal seizures while myelitis is seen in polio infection. | |||
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|'''HIV encephalopathy''' | |||
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|'''Multiple sclerosis''' | |||
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|'''Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome''' | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 10:43, 10 November 2022
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]
Overview
Differential Diagnosis
| Disease | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viral encephalitis [1] | Can occur in any age characterised by fever and occasional prodromal illness | Leukocytosis in blood; T2-weighted MRI shows multiple diffuse hyperintensities overlying the grey matter and white matter of bilateral cerebral cortices, and to a lesser extent the white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum; lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein and normal glucose in CSF. | CSF analysis for viral cultures and serological assays | History of recent travel, animal bites (lyme disease/rabies), contact with childhood exanthema and polio, high-risk occupations and drug abuse; skin rashes (VZV,Measles, Rickettsia). HSV may cause fronto-temporal signs, aphasia, personality changes and focal seizures while myelitis is seen in polio infection. |
| HIV encephalopathy | ||||
| Multiple sclerosis | ||||
| Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome |
References
- ↑ Kennedy PG (2004). "Viral encephalitis: causes, differential diagnosis, and management". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 75 Suppl 1: i10–5. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.034280. PMC 1765650. PMID 14978145.