Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] AE Dheeraj Makkar, M.D.[2]

Overview

In Anti-NMDA encephalitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis often shows mildly elevated white blood cell count, modestly increased protein levels, and the presence of oligoclonal bands. CSF-specific tests like IgG index and oligoclonal band tests can provide diagnostic value.

Laboratory Findings

CSF white blood cells are frequently elevated in fewer than 200/mm3, and pleocytosis is commonly observed. Protein concentration is either normal or modestly elevated, and 60% of patients have CSF-specific oligoclonal bands. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) index and oligoclonal band tests are clinically relevant since they can be aberrant in normal CSF cell counts and protein levels.