Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis other imaging findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

FDG-PET scan plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, assessment of disease activity, treatment response, and prognostication of anti-NMDA encephalitis. It reveals characteristic metabolic changes in the brain, aids in distinguishing it from other conditions, monitors treatment efficacy, and identifies prognostic indicators.

Other Imaging Findings

FDG-PET scan can be used Anti-NMDA Encephalitis:

Diagnosis: FDG-PET can contribute to the diagnosis of anti-NMDA encephalitis by revealing characteristic metabolic changes in the brain. It may show hypometabolism or decreased glucose uptake in specific regions, such as the medial temporal lobes, frontobasal cortex, insular cortex, and basal ganglia, commonly affected in this condition.

Differential Diagnosis: FDG-PET can help distinguish anti-NMDA encephalitis from other conditions with similar symptoms and clinical features. The characteristic metabolic pattern seen in anti-NMDA encephalitis can aid in differentiating it from other autoimmune encephalitides, infectious encephalitis, and primary psychiatric disorders.

Disease Activity and Response to Treatment: FDG-PET can assess disease activity and response to treatment in patients with anti-NMDA encephalitis. Serial FDG-PET scans can show changes in metabolic patterns over time, reflecting the course of the disease and response to immunotherapy. It can help monitor treatment efficacy and guide treatment decisions.

Prognostication: FDG-PET findings may have prognostic implications in anti-NMDA encephalitis. Studies have suggested that persistent or extensive metabolic abnormalities on FDG-PET scans may be associated with poorer long-term outcomes.