Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis surgery

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] AE Dheeraj Makkar, M.D.[2]

Overview

Surgery plays a crucial role in the treatment of anti-NMDA encephalitis when an associated tumor, typically an ovarian teratoma, is present. Tumor removal can improve prognosis, reduce relapse risk, and enhance response to immunotherapy. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimal patient management.

Surgery

• Surgery is primarily considered in the treatment of anti-NMDA encephalitis when there is an associated tumor, most commonly an ovarian teratoma.
• The removal of the tumor is important as it can contribute to the generation of antibodies causing the encephalitis.
• Surgery can improve the patient's overall prognosis and reduce the risk of relapse.
• Surgical removal of the tumor may lead to a more rapid resolution of symptoms and better response to immunotherapy.

However, in cases without an associated tumor, surgery alone is not a standard treatment for anti-NMDA encephalitis, and immunotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment.

• The decision to proceed with surgery is made on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration various factors such as the presence and type of tumor, the patient's overall health, and the severity of neurological symptoms.
• A multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, neurosurgeons, and oncologists is crucial to ensure optimal management and outcomes for patients with anti-NMDA encephalitis.