Adult brain tumors: Difference between revisions
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*'''WHO grade IV''' includes lesions that are mitotically active, necrosis-prone, and generally associated with a rapid preoperative and postoperative evolution of disease. | *'''WHO grade IV''' includes lesions that are mitotically active, necrosis-prone, and generally associated with a rapid preoperative and postoperative evolution of disease. | ||
=== Neuroepithelial tumors. | |||
==== Glial tumors. | |||
* Astrocytic tumors. | |||
:* Pilocytic astrocytoma. | |||
:* Diffuse astrocytoma (including fibrillary, protoplasmic, and gemistocytic). | |||
:* Anaplastic astrocytoma. | |||
:* Glioblastoma (including giant cell glioblastoma, and gliosarcoma). | |||
:* Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. | |||
:* Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. | |||
* Oligodendroglial tumors. | |||
:* Oligodendroglioma. | |||
:* Anaplastic oligodendroglioma. | |||
* Mixed gliomas. | |||
:* Oligoastrocytoma. | |||
:* Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. | |||
* Ependymal tumors. | |||
:* Myxopapillary ependymoma. | |||
:* Subependymoma. | |||
:* Ependymoma (including cellular, papillary, clear cell, and tanycytic). | |||
:* Anaplastic ependymoma. | |||
* Neuroepithelial tumors of uncertain origin. | |||
:* Astroblastoma. | |||
:* Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle. | |||
:* Gliomatosis cerebri. | |||
==== Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors (some glial component may be present). | |||
* Gangliocytoma. | |||
* Ganglioglioma. | |||
* Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma. | |||
* Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. | |||
* Central neurocytoma. | |||
* Cerebellar liponeurocytoma. | |||
* Paraganglioma. | |||
==== Nonglial tumors. | |||
* Embryonal tumors. | |||
:* Ependymoblastoma. | |||
:* Medulloblastoma. | |||
:* Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). | |||
* Choroid plexus tumors. | |||
:* Choroid plexus papilloma. | |||
:* Choroid plexus carcinoma. | |||
* Pineal parenchymal tumors. | |||
:* Pineoblastoma. | |||
:* Pineocytoma. | |||
:* Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation. | |||
=== Meningeal tumors. | |||
* Meningioma. | |||
* Hemangiopericytoma. | |||
* Melanocytic lesion. | |||
=== Germ cell tumors. | |||
* Germinoma. | |||
* Embryonal carcinoma. | |||
* Yolk-sac tumor (endodermal-sinus tumor). | |||
* Choriocarcinoma. | |||
* Teratoma. | |||
* Mixed germ cell tumor. | |||
=== Tumors of the sellar region. | |||
* Pituitary adenoma. | |||
* Pituitary carcinoma. | |||
* Craniopharyngioma. | |||
=== Tumors of uncertain histogenesis. | |||
* Capillary hemangioblastoma. | |||
===Primary CNS lymphoma. | |||
===Tumors of peripheral nerves that affect the CNS. | |||
* Schwannoma. | |||
===Metastatic tumors. | |||
Revision as of 20:56, 11 January 2009
| Adult brain tumors |
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The WHO grading of CNS tumors establishes a malignancy scale based on histologic features of the tumor. The histologic grades are as follows:
- WHO grade I includes lesions with low proliferative potential, a frequently discrete nature, and the possibility of cure following surgical resection alone.
- WHO grade II includes lesions that are generally infiltrating and low in mitotic activity but recur. Some tumor types tend to progress to higher grades of malignancy.
- WHO grade III includes lesions with histologic evidence of malignancy, generally in the form of mitotic activity, clearly expressed infiltrative capabilities, and anaplasia.
- WHO grade IV includes lesions that are mitotically active, necrosis-prone, and generally associated with a rapid preoperative and postoperative evolution of disease.
=== Neuroepithelial tumors. ==== Glial tumors.
- Astrocytic tumors.
- Pilocytic astrocytoma.
- Diffuse astrocytoma (including fibrillary, protoplasmic, and gemistocytic).
- Anaplastic astrocytoma.
- Glioblastoma (including giant cell glioblastoma, and gliosarcoma).
- Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.
- Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.
- Oligodendroglial tumors.
- Oligodendroglioma.
- Anaplastic oligodendroglioma.
- Mixed gliomas.
- Oligoastrocytoma.
- Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.
- Ependymal tumors.
- Myxopapillary ependymoma.
- Subependymoma.
- Ependymoma (including cellular, papillary, clear cell, and tanycytic).
- Anaplastic ependymoma.
- Neuroepithelial tumors of uncertain origin.
- Astroblastoma.
- Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle.
- Gliomatosis cerebri.
==== Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors (some glial component may be present).
- Gangliocytoma.
- Ganglioglioma.
- Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma.
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- Central neurocytoma.
- Cerebellar liponeurocytoma.
- Paraganglioma.
==== Nonglial tumors.
- Embryonal tumors.
- Ependymoblastoma.
- Medulloblastoma.
- Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).
- Choroid plexus tumors.
- Choroid plexus papilloma.
- Choroid plexus carcinoma.
- Pineal parenchymal tumors.
- Pineoblastoma.
- Pineocytoma.
- Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation.
=== Meningeal tumors.
- Meningioma.
- Hemangiopericytoma.
- Melanocytic lesion.
=== Germ cell tumors.
- Germinoma.
- Embryonal carcinoma.
- Yolk-sac tumor (endodermal-sinus tumor).
- Choriocarcinoma.
- Teratoma.
- Mixed germ cell tumor.
=== Tumors of the sellar region.
- Pituitary adenoma.
- Pituitary carcinoma.
- Craniopharyngioma.
=== Tumors of uncertain histogenesis.
- Capillary hemangioblastoma.
===Primary CNS lymphoma. ===Tumors of peripheral nerves that affect the CNS.
- Schwannoma.
===Metastatic tumors.